一、什么是LangChain和LangGraph？

LangChain：大模型应用的"乐高积木"

LangChain是一个用于构建大语言模型应用的开发框架，它提供了标准化的接口、组件和工具链，让开发者能够快速搭建基于LLM的应用程序。

生动比喻：乐高积木套装

• 传统LLM开发：像手工雕刻

• • 每个项目从头开始
  • 需要处理各种底层细节
  • 重复劳动，效率低下

• LangChain：像乐高积木

• • 提供标准化组件（积木块）
  • 快速组合成复杂应用
  • 可复用、可扩展

LangGraph：复杂工作流的"交通控制系统"

LangGraph是建立在LangChain之上的库，专门用于构建有状态、多步骤的复杂工作流，特别擅长处理循环、条件和并行执行。

生动比喻：城市交通控制系统

• 简单链式调用：像单行道

• • 只能单向顺序执行
  • 没有分支，没有回头路

• LangGraph：像智能交通系统

• • 管理多条路径和交叉口
  • 处理拥堵和意外情况
  • 动态调整路线

技术定位对比

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二、LangChain和LangGraph的区别是什么？

1. 核心架构差异

LangChain：组件化架构

from langchain.chains import LLMChain
from langchain.prompts import PromptTemplate
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
# LangChain的核心组件化思想
class LangChainArchitecture:
    """LangChain的组件化架构"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.components = {
            "Models": ["LLMs", "Chat Models", "Embeddings"],
            "Prompts": ["Prompt Templates", "Output Parsers"],
            "Chains": ["Simple Sequential", "Custom Chains"],
            "Indexes": ["Document Loaders", "Text Splitters", "Vector Stores"],
            "Memory": ["Conversation Memory", "Entity Memory"],
            "Agents": ["Tools", "Toolkits", "Agent Executors"]
        }
    
    def demonstrate_chain_construction(self):
        """演示LangChain链式构建"""
        # 1. 定义提示模板
        prompt = PromptTemplate(
            input_variables=["product"],
            template="为{product}写一个营销标语："
        )
        
        # 2. 初始化LLM
        llm = OpenAI(temperature=0.7)
        
        # 3. 创建链
        chain = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=prompt)
        
        # 4. 执行链
        result = chain.run("智能手表")
        return result
# 使用示例
langchain_demo = LangChainArchitecture()
print("LangChain组件:", langchain_demo.components)
marketing_slogan = langchain_demo.demonstrate_chain_construction()
print(f"生成的标语: {marketing_slogan}")

LangGraph：图基工作流

from typing import Dict, Any, List
from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, END
from langchain.schema import BaseMessage, HumanMessage
# LangGraph的状态定义
class GraphState(Dict):
    """LangGraph的状态容器"""
    messages: List[BaseMessage]
    current_step: str
    needs_human_input: bool = False
class LangGraphArchitecture:
    """LangGraph的图基架构"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.graph_elements = {
            "Nodes": "执行具体任务的函数",
            "Edges": "节点间的连接和条件路由", 
            "State": "在节点间传递的共享数据",
            "Checkpoint": "状态快照，支持回滚"
        }
    
    def create_conversation_graph(self):
        """创建对话图"""
        # 初始化图
        workflow = StateGraph(GraphState)
        
        # 定义节点
        workflow.add_node("receive_input", self.receive_input_node)
        workflow.add_node("analyze_intent", self.analyze_intent_node)
        workflow.add_node("generate_response", self.generate_response_node)
        workflow.add_node("request_clarification", self.request_clarification_node)
        
        # 定义边和条件路由
        workflow.set_entry_point("receive_input")
        workflow.add_edge("receive_input", "analyze_intent")
        workflow.add_conditional_edges(
            "analyze_intent",
            self.should_clarify,
            {
                "clarify": "request_clarification",
                "continue": "generate_response"
            }
        )
        workflow.add_edge("request_clarification", "receive_input")  # 循环
        workflow.add_edge("generate_response", END)
        
        return workflow.compile()
    
    def receive_input_node(self, state: GraphState) -> GraphState:
        """接收输入节点"""
        print("接收用户输入...")
        return state
    
    def analyze_intent_node(self, state: GraphState) -> GraphState:
        """分析意图节点"""
        print("分析用户意图...")
        # 模拟意图分析
        state["intent_clear"] = len(state["messages"][-1].content) > 10
        return state
    
    def should_clarify(self, state: GraphState) -> str:
        """条件路由：是否需要澄清"""
        return "clarify" if not state.get("intent_clear", False) else "continue"
    
    def request_clarification_node(self, state: GraphState) -> GraphState:
        """请求澄清节点"""
        print("请求用户澄清...")
        state["needs_human_input"] = True
        return state
    
    def generate_response_node(self, state: GraphState) -> GraphState:
        """生成响应节点"""
        print("生成最终响应...")
        return state
# 使用示例
langgraph_demo = LangGraphArchitecture()
conversation_graph = langgraph_demo.create_conversation_graph()
print("LangGraph图结构已创建")

2. 状态管理对比

LangChain：无状态执行

class LangChainStateless:
    """LangChain的无状态执行模式"""
    
    def sequential_processing(self, user_input):
        """顺序处理 - 无状态"""
        steps = [
            self.preprocess_input,
            self.extract_entities, 
            self.generate_response,
            self.format_output
        ]
        
        result = user_input
        for step in steps:
            result = step(result)
            print(f"步骤完成: {step.__name__}, 结果: {result}")
        
        return result
    
    def preprocess_input(self, text):
        return text.strip().lower()
    
    def extract_entities(self, text):
        return f"提取的实体: {text.split()[:2]}"
    
    def generate_response(self, entities):
        return f"基于{entities}生成的回答"
    
    def format_output(self, response):
        return f"格式化: {response.upper()}"
# 测试无状态执行
stateless = LangChainStateless()
result = stateless.sequential_processing("  Hello World Test  ")
print(f"最终结果: {result}")

LangGraph：有状态工作流

from typing import TypedDict, Annotated
import operator
class StatefulWorkflowState(TypedDict):
    """有状态工作流的状态定义"""
    original_input: str
    processed_input: str
    extracted_entities: list
    generated_response: str
    conversation_history: Annotated[list, operator.add]  # 累加操作
    current_step: str
    error_count: int
class LangGraphStateful:
    """LangGraph的有状态工作流"""
    
    def create_stateful_workflow(self):
        """创建有状态工作流"""
        workflow = StateGraph(StatefulWorkflowState)
        
        # 添加节点
        workflow.add_node("preprocess", self.preprocess_with_state)
        workflow.add_node("extract", self.extract_with_state)
        workflow.add_node("generate", self.generate_with_state)
        workflow.add_node("handle_error", self.handle_error)
        
        # 设置路由
        workflow.set_entry_point("preprocess")
        workflow.add_edge("preprocess", "extract")
        workflow.add_edge("extract", "generate")
        workflow.add_conditional_edges(
            "generate",
            self.check_quality,
            {"acceptable": END, "poor": "handle_error"}
        )
        workflow.add_edge("handle_error", "extract")  # 重试
        
        return workflow.compile()
    
    def preprocess_with_state(self, state: StatefulWorkflowState):
        """带状态的预处理"""
        state["processed_input"] = state["original_input"].strip().lower()
        state["current_step"] = "preprocess"
        state["conversation_history"].append("预处理完成")
        return state
    
    def extract_with_state(self, state: StatefulWorkflowState):
        """带状态的实体提取"""
        entities = state["processed_input"].split()[:2]
        state["extracted_entities"] = entities
        state["current_step"] = "extract"
        state["conversation_history"].append(f"提取实体: {entities}")
        return state
    
    def generate_with_state(self, state: StatefulWorkflowState):
        """带状态的响应生成"""
        response = f"基于{state['extracted_entities']}的响应"
        state["generated_response"] = response
        state["current_step"] = "generate"
        state["conversation_history"].append(f"生成响应: {response}")
        return state
    
    def check_quality(self, state: StatefulWorkflowState):
        """检查响应质量"""
        # 模拟质量检查
        quality_acceptable = len(state["generated_response"]) > 10
        return "acceptable" if quality_acceptable else "poor"
    
    def handle_error(self, state: StatefulWorkflowState):
        """错误处理"""
        state["error_count"] = state.get("error_count", 0) + 1
        state["conversation_history"].append(f"错误处理，计数: {state['error_count']}")
        return state
# 测试有状态工作流
stateful = LangGraphStateful()
workflow = stateful.create_stateful_workflow()
initial_state = {
    "original_input": "  Hello World Test  ",
    "processed_input": "",
    "extracted_entities": [],
    "generated_response": "",
    "conversation_history": [],
    "current_step": "",
    "error_count": 0
}
result = workflow.invoke(initial_state)
print("最终状态:", result)

3. 工作流模式对比

LangChain：顺序链式执行

from langchain.chains import SimpleSequentialChain, TransformChain
from langchain.schema import BaseOutputParser
class LangChainWorkflow:
    """LangChain的顺序工作流"""
    
    def create_sequential_chain(self):
        """创建顺序链"""
        
        # 转换链1：文本清理
        def clean_text(inputs):
            return {"cleaned_text": inputs["text"].strip()}
        
        clean_chain = TransformChain(
            input_variables=["text"],
            output_variables=["cleaned_text"], 
            transform=clean_text
        )
        
        # 转换链2：文本分析
        def analyze_text(inputs):
            words = inputs["cleaned_text"].split()
            return {
                "word_count": len(words),
                "first_words": words[:3]
            }
        
        analyze_chain = TransformChain(
            input_variables=["cleaned_text"],
            output_variables=["word_count", "first_words"],
            transform=analyze_text
        )
        
        # 组合成顺序链
        sequential_chain = SimpleSequentialChain(
            chains=[clean_chain, analyze_chain],
            verbose=True
        )
        
        return sequential_chain
    
    def demonstrate_linear_flow(self):
        """演示线性流程"""
        chain = self.create_sequential_chain()
        result = chain.run("  This is a test sentence for demonstration  ")
        return result
# 测试顺序链
workflow_demo = LangChainWorkflow()
result = workflow_demo.demonstrate_linear_flow()
print(f"顺序链结果: {result}")

LangGraph：图基条件执行

from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, END
from typing import Literal
class LangGraphWorkflow:
    """LangGraph的图基工作流"""
    
    def create_conditional_workflow(self):
        """创建条件工作流"""
        
        class WorkflowState(TypedDict):
            input_text: str
            text_length: int
            complexity: str
            processing_path: list
            final_result: str
        
        workflow = StateGraph(WorkflowState)
        
        # 添加节点
        workflow.add_node("analyze_length", self.analyze_length)
        workflow.add_node("simple_process", self.simple_process)
        workflow.add_node("complex_process", self.complex_process)
        workflow.add_node("assemble_result", self.assemble_result)
        
        # 设置复杂路由
        workflow.set_entry_point("analyze_length")
        workflow.add_conditional_edges(
            "analyze_length",
            self.determine_complexity,
            {
                "simple": "simple_process",
                "complex": "complex_process"
            }
        )
        workflow.add_edge("simple_process", "assemble_result")
        workflow.add_edge("complex_process", "assemble_result")
        workflow.add_edge("assemble_result", END)
        
        return workflow.compile()
    
    def analyze_length(self, state: WorkflowState):
        """分析文本长度"""
        state["text_length"] = len(state["input_text"])
        state["processing_path"].append("analyze_length")
        return state
    
    def determine_complexity(self, state: WorkflowState) -> Literal["simple", "complex"]:
        """确定处理复杂度"""
        if state["text_length"] < 50:
            state["complexity"] = "simple"
            return "simple"
        else:
            state["complexity"] = "complex"
            return "complex"
    
    def simple_process(self, state: WorkflowState):
        """简单处理"""
        state["processing_path"].append("simple_process")
        state["final_result"] = f"简单处理: {state['input_text'][:20]}..."
        return state
    
    def complex_process(self, state: WorkflowState):
        """复杂处理"""
        state["processing_path"].append("complex_process")
        words = state["input_text"].split()
        state["final_result"] = f"复杂处理: {len(words)}个单词，前5个: {words[:5]}"
        return state
    
    def assemble_result(self, state: WorkflowState):
        """组装结果"""
        state["processing_path"].append("assemble_result")
        state["final_result"] += f" | 处理路径: {' -> '.join(state['processing_path'])}"
        return state
# 测试条件工作流
graph_workflow = LangGraphWorkflow()
workflow = graph_workflow.create_conditional_workflow()
# 测试短文本
short_result = workflow.invoke({
    "input_text": "Hello world",
    "processing_path": [],
    "final_result": ""
})
print(f"短文本结果: {short_result['final_result']}")
# 测试长文本
long_result = workflow.invoke({
    "input_text": "This is a much longer text that requires more complex processing due to its length and complexity",
    "processing_path": [],
    "final_result": ""
})
print(f"长文本结果: {long_result['final_result']}")

4. 复杂任务处理对比

LangChain：代理模式处理复杂任务

from langchain.agents import AgentType, initialize_agent, Tool
from langchain.utilities import SerpAPIWrapper
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
class LangChainAgentApproach:
    """LangChain的代理方法处理复杂任务"""
    
    def setup_agent(self):
        """设置代理"""
        
        # 定义工具
        search = SerpAPIWrapper()
        
        tools = [
            Tool(
                name="Search",
                func=search.run,
                description="用于搜索最新信息"
            ),
            Tool(
                name="Calculator",
                func=lambda x: str(eval(x)),
                description="用于数学计算"
            )
        ]
        
        # 初始化代理
        llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
        agent = initialize_agent(
            tools, 
            llm, 
            agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION,
            verbose=True
        )
        
        return agent
    
    def handle_complex_query(self, query):
        """处理复杂查询"""
        agent = self.setup_agent()
        
        try:
            result = agent.run(query)
            return result
        except Exception as e:
            return f"代理执行错误: {str(e)}"
# 注意：实际使用时需要配置SerpAPI密钥
agent_demo = LangChainAgentApproach()
# result = agent_demo.handle_complex_query("今天北京的天气怎么样？然后计算25的平方根")
# print(f"代理结果: {result}")

LangGraph：图工作流处理复杂任务

class LangGraphComplexWorkflow:
    """LangGraph处理复杂任务"""
    
    def create_research_workflow(self):
        """创建研究型工作流"""
        
        class ResearchState(TypedDict):
            research_topic: str
            search_queries: list
            search_results: dict
            analysis: str
            report: str
            current_step: str
            needs_human_review: bool
        
        workflow = StateGraph(ResearchState)
        
        # 定义所有节点
        workflow.add_node("plan_research", self.plan_research)
        workflow.add_node("execute_searches", self.execute_searches)
        workflow.add_node("analyze_results", self.analyze_results)
        workflow.add_node("generate_report", self.generate_report)
        workflow.add_node("human_review", self.human_review)
        workflow.add_node("refine_report", self.refine_report)
        
        # 复杂路由逻辑
        workflow.set_entry_point("plan_research")
        workflow.add_edge("plan_research", "execute_searches")
        workflow.add_edge("execute_searches", "analyze_results")
        workflow.add_conditional_edges(
            "analyze_results",
            self.need_human_review,
            {"review": "human_review", "continue": "generate_report"}
        )
        workflow.add_edge("human_review", "refine_report")
        workflow.add_edge("refine_report", "generate_report")
        workflow.add_edge("generate_report", END)
        
        return workflow.compile()
    
    def plan_research(self, state: ResearchState):
        """规划研究"""
        topic = state["research_topic"]
        state["search_queries"] = [
            f"{topic} 最新发展",
            f"{topic} 关键技术",
            f"{topic} 应用场景"
        ]
        state["current_step"] = "plan_research"
        return state
    
    def execute_searches(self, state: ResearchState):
        """执行搜索"""
        # 模拟搜索执行
        state["search_results"] = {
            query: f"关于'{query}'的模拟搜索结果..." 
            for query in state["search_queries"]
        }
        state["current_step"] = "execute_searches"
        return state
    
    def analyze_results(self, state: ResearchState):
        """分析结果"""
        results = state["search_results"]
        state["analysis"] = f"分析了{len(results)}个搜索结果，发现关键信息..."
        state["current_step"] = "analyze_results"
        return state
    
    def need_human_review(self, state: ResearchState) -> Literal["review", "continue"]:
        """判断是否需要人工审核"""
        # 基于分析复杂度决定
        complexity = len(state["analysis"]) > 200
        return "review" if complexity else "continue"
    
    def human_review(self, state: ResearchState):
        """人工审核"""
        state["needs_human_review"] = True
        state["current_step"] = "human_review"
        return state
    
    def refine_report(self, state: ResearchState):
        """精炼报告"""
        state["analysis"] += " [经过人工审核精炼]"
        state["current_step"] = "refine_report"
        return state
    
    def generate_report(self, state: ResearchState):
        """生成最终报告"""
        state["report"] = f"""
研究报告：{state['research_topic']}
分析结果：{state['analysis']}
基于搜索：{list(state['search_results'].keys())}
        """.strip()
        state["current_step"] = "generate_report"
        return state
# 测试复杂工作流
complex_workflow = LangGraphComplexWorkflow()
research_flow = complex_workflow.create_research_workflow()
research_result = research_flow.invoke({
    "research_topic": "人工智能在医疗诊断中的应用",
    "search_queries": [],
    "search_results": {},
    "analysis": "",
    "report": "",
    "current_step": "",
    "needs_human_review": False
})
print("研究工作报告:")
print(research_result["report"])

5. 错误处理和恢复对比

LangChain：异常捕获模式

class LangChainErrorHandling:
    """LangChain的错误处理模式"""
    
    def create_robust_chain(self):
        """创建带错误处理的链"""
        
        def safe_processing(inputs):
            try:
                text = inputs["text"]
                if len(text) < 5:
                    raise ValueError("文本太短")
                
                return {"processed": text.upper()}
                
            except Exception as e:
                return {
                    "processed": f"错误处理: {str(e)}",
                    "error": True
                }
        
        robust_chain = TransformChain(
            input_variables=["text"],
            output_variables=["processed", "error"],
            transform=safe_processing
        )
        
        return robust_chain
    
    def demonstrate_error_handling(self):
        """演示错误处理"""
        chain = self.create_robust_chain()
        
        # 正常情况
        normal_result = chain({"text": "Hello World"})
        print(f"正常结果: {normal_result}")
        
        # 错误情况
        error_result = chain({"text": "Hi"})
        print(f"错误处理结果: {error_result}")
error_demo = LangChainErrorHandling()
error_demo.demonstrate_error_handling()

LangGraph：状态恢复模式

class LangGraphErrorRecovery:
    """LangGraph的错误恢复模式"""
    
    def create_fault_tolerant_workflow(self):
        """创建容错工作流"""
        
        class RecoveryState(TypedDict):
            input_data: str
            processing_stage: str
            attempt_count: int
            max_attempts: int
            final_result: str
            last_error: str
        
        workflow = StateGraph(RecoveryState)
        
        workflow.add_node("process_data", self.process_data)
        workflow.add_node("handle_error", self.handle_error)
        workflow.add_node("finalize", self.finalize)
        
        workflow.set_entry_point("process_data")
        workflow.add_conditional_edges(
            "process_data",
            self.check_success,
            {
                "success": "finalize",
                "retry": "handle_error", 
                "fail": "finalize"
            }
        )
        workflow.add_conditional_edges(
            "handle_error",
            self.can_retry,
            {
                "retry": "process_data",
                "fail": "finalize"
            }
        )
        workflow.add_edge("finalize", END)
        
        return workflow.compile()
    
    def process_data(self, state: RecoveryState):
        """处理数据（可能失败）"""
        state["attempt_count"] = state.get("attempt_count", 0) + 1
        state["processing_stage"] = f"尝试第{state['attempt_count']}次"
        
        # 模拟随机失败
        import random
        if random.random() < 0.6:  # 60%失败率
            raise Exception("模拟处理失败")
        
        state["final_result"] = "处理成功!"
        return state
    
    def check_success(self, state: RecoveryState) -> Literal["success", "retry", "fail"]:
        """检查处理结果"""
        if state.get("final_result"):
            return "success"
        elif state["attempt_count"] < state.get("max_attempts", 3):
            return "retry"
        else:
            return "fail"
    
    def handle_error(self, state: RecoveryState):
        """错误处理"""
        state["last_error"] = "处理失败，准备重试"
        state["processing_stage"] = "错误处理中"
        return state
    
    def can_retry(self, state: RecoveryState) -> Literal["retry", "fail"]:
        """判断是否可以重试"""
        return "retry" if state["attempt_count"] < state.get("max_attempts", 3) else "fail"
    
    def finalize(self, state: RecoveryState):
        """最终处理"""
        if not state.get("final_result"):
            state["final_result"] = f"最终失败，尝试了{state['attempt_count']}次"
        state["processing_stage"] = "完成"
        return state
# 测试容错工作流
recovery_demo = LangGraphErrorRecovery()
recovery_flow = recovery_demo.create_fault_tolerant_workflow()
result = recovery_flow.invoke({
    "input_data": "测试数据",
    "processing_stage": "",
    "attempt_count": 0,
    "max_attempts": 3,
    "final_result": "",
    "last_error": ""
})
print(f"容错处理结果: {result['final_result']}")
print(f"处理阶段: {result['processing_stage']}")

---

三、完整对比总结

技术特性对比表格

特性维度	LangChain	LangGraph
架构模式	组件化链式架构	图基工作流架构
状态管理	无状态或简单状态	强大的有状态管理
执行模式	顺序线性执行	条件分支、循环、并行
复杂任务	通过代理模式处理	原生支持复杂工作流
错误处理	异常捕获和回退	状态恢复和重试机制
学习曲线	相对平缓	较陡峭，需要理解图概念
适用场景	快速原型、简单应用	复杂业务逻辑、长时间运行任务

选择指南决策树

实际项目推荐

场景1：客服聊天机器人

# 推荐：LangChain
def create_customer_service_bot():
    """使用LangChain创建客服机器人"""
    from langchain.chains import ConversationChain
    from langchain.memory import ConversationBufferMemory
    
    memory = ConversationBufferMemory()
    chain = ConversationChain(
        llm=OpenAI(temperature=0.5),
        memory=memory,
        verbose=True
    )
    
    return chain
# 简单、高效，适合大多数客服场景

场景2：复杂业务流程自动化

# 推荐：LangGraph  
def create_business_approval_workflow():
    """使用LangGraph创建审批工作流"""
    workflow = StateGraph(ApprovalState)
    
    workflow.add_node("submit_request", submit_request)
    workflow.add_node("manager_review", manager_review)
    workflow.add_node("director_approval", director_approval)
    workflow.add_node("finance_check", finance_check)
    workflow.add_node("finalize", finalize_approval)
    
    # 复杂条件路由
    workflow.add_conditional_edges(
        "manager_review",
        determine_approval_path,
        {"approve": "finalize", "escalate": "director_approval", "reject": END}
    )
    
    return workflow.compile()
# 处理多条件、多审批人的复杂流程

场景3：混合使用模式

def create_hybrid_solution():
    """LangChain + LangGraph 混合解决方案"""
    
    # 使用LangChain处理标准化组件
    from langchain.chains import LLMChain
    from langgraph.graph import StateGraph
    
    class HybridState(TypedDict):
        user_input: str
        langchain_result: str
        workflow_status: str
    
    def langchain_processing(state: HybridState):
        """使用LangChain处理文本"""
        # 在这里集成LangChain链
        prompt = PromptTemplate(...)
        chain = LLMChain(...)
        state["langchain_result"] = chain.run(state["user_input"])
        return state
    
    # 使用LangGraph管理复杂工作流
    workflow = StateGraph(HybridState)
    workflow.add_node("langchain_processing", langchain_processing)
    # ... 添加更多节点和边
    
    return workflow.compile()

总结：互补的技术双星

LangChain和LangGraph不是竞争关系，而是互补的技术栈，共同构成了大模型应用开发的完整解决方案：

核心价值总结

1. LangChain：标准化与效率
2. 提供标准化组件，降低开发门槛
3. 快速原型开发，验证想法
4. 丰富的生态系统和工具集成
5. LangGraph：复杂性与控制
6. 处理复杂业务逻辑和状态管理
7. 提供细粒度控制和错误恢复
8. 支持长时间运行的复杂工作流

演进关系

最佳实践建议

1. 从LangChain开始：新项目建议从LangChain起步，快速验证核心逻辑
2. 按需引入LangGraph：当业务逻辑变得复杂，需要状态管理、条件分支时引入
3. 混合使用：在复杂系统中，可以同时使用两者，各取所长
4. 团队技能匹配：考虑团队的技术背景和学习成本

正如LangChain创始人Harrison Chase所言："LangGraph是为了解决LangChain处理复杂工作流时的局限性而生的。" 这两个框架共同为开发者提供了从简单到复杂、从原型到生产的完整工具链。

选择不是二选一，而是根据你的具体需求找到最适合的技术组合。在AI应用开发的道路上，它们是你不可或缺的得力助手。