一、问题描述

  笔者是在Anaconda环境下运行python脚本文件遇到了问题，具体报错如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Anaconda3\envs\py39\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1342, in do_open
    h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers,
  File "D:\Anaconda3\envs\py39\lib\http\client.py", line 1255, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
  File "D:\Anaconda3\envs\py39\lib\http\client.py", line 1301, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "D:\Anaconda3\envs\py39\lib\http\client.py", line 1250, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "D:\Anaconda3\envs\py39\lib\http\client.py", line 1010, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "D:\Anaconda3\envs\py39\lib\http\client.py", line 950, in send
    self.connect()
  File "D:\Anaconda3\envs\py39\lib\http\client.py", line 1424, in connect
    self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock,
  File "D:\Anaconda3\envs\py39\lib\ssl.py", line 500, in wrap_socket
    return self.sslsocket_class._create(
  File "D:\Anaconda3\envs\py39\lib\ssl.py", line 1040, in _create
    self.do_handshake()
  File "D:\Anaconda3\envs\py39\lib\ssl.py", line 1309, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1122)

  报错就是因为代码里面默认HTTPS是需要对SSL证书进行验证。因此只要关闭证书验证，代码就能正常运行。

二、解决办法

  在使用urllib.req(est.urlopen()这个代码的文件开头写入如下代码，关闭SSL证书验证。

import ssl
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

三、举个例子

  如运行代码如下代码报错：

import urllib.request
def main():
	r = urllib.request.urlopen('https://bing.com')
	print(r.status)
	print(r)
	
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

  那么就需要跳过HTTPS证书验证的过程，将其修改为：

# coding: utf-8
import urllib.request
import ssl


def main():
    ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
    r = urllib.request.urlopen('https://bing.com')
    print(r.status)
    print(r)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

四、参考链接

[1] https://clay-atlas.com/us/blog/2021/09/26/python-en-urllib-error-ssl-certificate/