在人工智能向“自主智能体”演进的道路上，我们正见证一个关键的范式转移：大型语言模型（LLM）不再仅仅是文本生成器，而是逐渐成为能感知环境、调用工具并执行复杂任务的智能核心。然而，传统的“文本输入-文本输出”模式，在面对需要精密逻辑、实时数据可视化与复杂业务流操控的生产力场景时，其交互深度的局限性暴露无遗。为了连接模型与广阔的外部世界，模型上下文协议（Model Context Protocol, MCP） 应运而生，旨在标准化模型与工具之间的通信，降低生态适配成本。

一、MCP 的基石与交互瓶颈

MCP 通过宿主（Host）、客户端（Client）与服务器（Server）的三层架构，实现了关注点的分离与协议的标准化。在其基础模型中，工具（Tools）通常返回结构化数据或静态 Markdown 文本。虽然这解决了功能调用的问题，但在处理如多维财务报表、交互式工程图纸或实时监控仪表盘等任务时，用户体验出现了断层——智能体只能“描述”数据，用户无法直接“操作”数据。这种交互深度的缺失，成为提升 AI 生产力的主要障碍。

二、MCP Apps：交互式 UI 的引入

2025年底，由 Anthropic、OpenAI 及社区推动的 MCP Apps 扩展（代号 SEP-1865） 正式发布，旨在彻底突破这一瓶颈。其核心创新在于，允许 AI 对话线程内直接交付并运行完整的、交互式的 Web 应用程序。

MCP Apps 的本质，是存在于 AI 对话中的沙箱化 HTML5 应用。它并非定义新的 UI 语言，而是拥抱成熟的 Web 技术栈（HTML/JS/CSS）。在 SEP-1865 框架下，工具定义可通过 _meta.ui 字段声明一个指向 UI 资源（使用 ui:// 协议）的引用。当 LLM 调用此类工具时，宿主便能识别该声明，并从服务器拉取对应的 UI 捆绑包进行渲染。

与传统 MCP 工具相比，MCP Apps 带来了根本性的提升：

• 输出介质：从静态文本/JSON 变为动态、可交互的应用程序。

• 交互深度：从触发新一轮对话，扩展到支持点击、拖拽、表单校验等丰富的前端操作。

• 通信模式：从单向的请求-响应，升级为基于 postMessage 的全双工 JSON-RPC 通道，实现实时双向通信。

• 生命周期：从随工具执行结束而终止，变为可在整个对话上下文中持续存在并保持内部状态。

https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750205
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750340
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750504
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750634
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750792
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750892
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751046
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751228
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751403
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751589
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751920
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752211
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752398
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752094
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752237
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752445
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752632
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752756
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752971
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753157
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753310
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753513
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753625
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753803
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753983
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754208
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754308
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754459
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754624
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752704
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752871
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753049
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753225
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753367
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753545
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753739
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753877
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754036
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754395
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754766
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752560
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751915
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752206
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11755029
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754538
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754909
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752708
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752886
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752400
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752562
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753060
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753220
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754678
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754827
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752707
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753377
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753546
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754987
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753062
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753216
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753874
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753376
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754041
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753551
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754200
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753752
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754409
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754057
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754547
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754219
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754689
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754414
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754824
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754677
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754834
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754983
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11755075
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750367
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750478
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750604
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750740
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750278
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750969
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750372
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751087
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750474
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751226
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750607
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751360
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751489
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751671
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751794
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751956
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752056
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752205
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752395
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752554
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752687
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752837
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752927
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753106
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753243
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753379
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753562
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753715
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753831
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753961
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754103
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754290
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754436
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750289
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750388
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750595
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750732
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750854
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750937
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750285
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750376
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750476
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750598
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750745
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750867
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751345
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751814
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751953
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752074
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752217
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752549
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752674
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752822
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751071
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751209
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751368
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751504
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751677
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751798
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751939
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752202
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752391
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752530
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752683
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752818
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752935
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753093
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753253
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753388
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750742
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750865
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753091
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753568
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753858
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753384
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753571
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751068
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753982
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754093
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751208
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751350
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753713
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754288
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754433
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751498
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753861
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753974
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754122
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754284
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754439
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754559
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750279
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750357
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750471
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750591
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750720
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750834
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750904
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751030
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751179
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751324
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751469
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751604
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751722
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751871
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752022
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752144
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752294
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752503
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752597
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752721
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752890
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753029
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753182
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753291
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753440
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750284
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750383
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751669
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750277
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750375
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750601
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750744
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750858
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750942
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751045
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751204
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751495
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751805
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751941
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752066
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752207
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752364
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752523
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752685
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752841
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752942
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753237
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753389
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753566
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753721
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753839
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753977
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754273
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754440
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754556
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751816
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751963
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752063
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752221
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752392
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752553
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752681
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752805
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752949
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753086
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753249
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753390
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753573
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753701
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753843
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753967
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754107
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754282
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750483
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750597
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750738
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750864
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750950
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751049
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751206
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751349
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751487
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751675
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751780
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752083
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752215
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752383
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752534
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752671
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752939
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753109
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750286
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750603
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750735
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750949
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751061
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751211
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751356
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750313
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750353
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750470
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750592
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750733
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750846
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750944
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751053
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751193
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751337
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751484
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751655
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751755
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751908
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752026
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750314
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750360
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750596
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750728
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751502
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751668
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751802
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751959
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752086
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752203
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752369
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752527
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752668
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752812
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11752936
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753121
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753233
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753387
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753726
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11753847
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754095
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754279
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11754442
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750273
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750342
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750466
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750588
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750715
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750830
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11750901
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11751027