基于STM32的ESP8266连接华为云（MQTT协议）
若该文为原创文章，转载请注明原文出处。记录使用STM32通过ESP8266-01S模块连接华为云服务器并上传和下发数据。ESP-01S默认固件是AT常规固件，这里使用AT MQTT常规固件,所以需要先更新ESP-01S固件。下载地址：docs.ai-thinker.com/esp8266/https://docs.ai-thinker.com/tools根据上图，配置好，点击START即可，注意接
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若该文为原创文章，转载请注明原文出处。
记录使用STM32通过ESP8266-01S模块连接华为云服务器并上传和下发数据。
一、固件选择
ESP-01S默认固件是AT常规固件，这里使用AT MQTT常规固件,所以需要先更新ESP-01S固件。
1、固件下载
下载地址：docs.ai-thinker.com/esp8266/
2、烧写工具
https://docs.ai-thinker.com/tools
3、ESP-01S接线
4、下载更新固件
根据上图，配置好，点击START即可，注意接线，IO0接地在上电。
二、华为云
1、打开华为云链接，并注册账号
2、打开设备接入ioTDA
3、创建产品
4、添加服务
记住服务ID
5、添加属性
6、添加设备
7、获取华为云相关参数
三、STM32软件
1、初始化串口
void initUART2(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
USART_InitTypeDef usartInitStruct;
NVIC_InitTypeDef nvicInitStruct;
/*配置USART2和GPIO时钟*/
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_USART2, ENABLE);
/*GPIO配置*/
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_2;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_3;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
usartInitStruct.USART_BaudRate = 115200;
usartInitStruct.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None; //无硬件控流
usartInitStruct.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx; //接收和发送
usartInitStruct.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No; //无校验
usartInitStruct.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1; //1位停止位
usartInitStruct.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b; //8位数据位
USART_Init(USART2,&usartInitStruct);
USART_Cmd(USART2,ENABLE); //使能串口
USART_ITConfig(USART2, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE); //使能接收中断
nvicInitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART2_IRQn;
nvicInitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
nvicInitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
nvicInitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
NVIC_Init(&nvicInitStruct);
}2、华为云参数定义
#define ESP8266_WIFI_INFO "AT+CWJAP=\"yifeng\",\"1234567890\"\r\n"
#define HUAWEI_MQTT_USERNAME_PASSWORD "AT+MQTTUSERCFG=0,1,\"NULL\",\"68b5013332771f177b5ba0a9_device_001\",\"85722f940cb55985bbdcc1b74aeeef2f16fe94fc7c2befe83d8d3ed89e777327\",0,0,\"\"\r\n"
#define HUAWEI_MQTT_ClientID "AT+MQTTCLIENTID=0,\"68b5013332771f177b5ba0a9_device_001_0_0_2025090102\"\r\n"
#define HUAWEI_MQTT_ADDRESS_PORT "AT+MQTTCONN=0,\"0d951a76fa.st1.iotda-device.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com\",1883,1\r\n"
#define HUAWEI_MQTT_DeviceID "AT+MQTTSUB=0,\"$oc/devices/68b5013332771f177b5ba0a9_device_001_0_0_2025090102/sys/properties/report\",1\r\n"
#define HUAWEI_MQTT_DeviceID_VALUE "68b5013332771f177b5ba0a9_device_001_0_0_2025090102"
#define HUAWEI_MQTT_ServiceID "STM32"
#define HUAWEI_MQTT_SUB "AT+MQTTSUB=0,\"$oc/devices/68b5013332771f177b5ba0a9_device_001_0_0_2025090102/sys/messages/down\",1\r\n"
3、初始化ESP8266
void ESP8266_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_Initure;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(cEsp8266RstPortClk, ENABLE);
//ESP8266复位引脚
GPIO_Initure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;
GPIO_Initure.GPIO_Pin = cEsp8266RstPin; //GPIOB9-复位
GPIO_Initure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(cEsp8266RstPort, &GPIO_Initure);
//复位操作
GPIO_WriteBit(cEsp8266RstPort, cEsp8266RstPin, Bit_RESET);
delay_ms(250);
GPIO_WriteBit(cEsp8266RstPort, cEsp8266RstPin, Bit_SET);
delay_ms(500);
ESP8266_Clear();
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG, "00. AT\r\n");
while(ESP8266_SendCmd("AT\r\n", "OK"))
delay_ms(500);
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG, "01. RST\r\n");
ESP8266_SendCmd("AT+RST\r\n", "");
delay_ms(500);
ESP8266_SendCmd("AT+CIPCLOSE\r\n", "");
delay_ms(500);
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG, "02. CWMODE\r\n");
while(ESP8266_SendCmd("AT+CWMODE=1\r\n", "OK"))
delay_ms(500);
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG, "03. AT+CWDHCP\r\n");
while(ESP8266_SendCmd("AT+CWDHCP=1,1\r\n", "OK"))
delay_ms(500);
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG, "04. CWJAP\r\n");
while(ESP8266_SendCmd(ESP8266_WIFI_INFO, "GOT IP"))
delay_ms(500);
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG, "05. ESP8266 Init OK\r\n");
}4、接入华为云
_Bool HuaWei_DevLink(void)
{
_Bool status = 1;
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG, "01. AT+MQTTUSERCFG\r\n");
while(ESP8266_SendCmd(HUAWEI_MQTT_USERNAME_PASSWORD,"OK"))
delay_ms(500);
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG,"02. AT+MQTTCLIENTID\r\n");
while(ESP8266_SendCmd(HUAWEI_MQTT_ClientID,"OK"))
delay_ms(500);
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG,"03. AT+MQTTCONN\r\n");
while(ESP8266_SendCmd(HUAWEI_MQTT_ADDRESS_PORT,"OK"))
delay_ms(500);
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG, "04. AT+MQTTSUB\r\n");
while(ESP8266_SendCmd(HUAWEI_MQTT_DeviceID,"OK"))
delay_ms(500);
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG, "05. AT+MQTTSUB\r\n");
while(ESP8266_SendCmd(HUAWEI_MQTT_SUB, "OK"))
delay_ms(500);
status = 0;
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG, "05. HuaWei_DevLink OK\r\n");
return status;
}5、发布数据
void SendMQTTPubData(const char* properties, double value)
{
char cmd[256] = {0};
sprintf(cmd, "AT+MQTTPUB=0,\"$oc/devices/%s/sys/properties/report\",\" \
{\\\"services\\\":[{\\\"service_id\\\":\\\"%s\\\"\\,\\\"properties\\\": \
{\\\"%s\\\": %f}}]}\",0,0\r\n", HUAWEI_MQTT_DeviceID_VALUE, HUAWEI_MQTT_ServiceID, properties, value);
// 发送命令并等待"OK"响应
while(ESP8266_SendCmd(cmd, "OK") == 1) {
delay_ms(500);
}
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG, "发布数据成功\r\n");
}
6、接收数据
华为云下发数据，程序初始化时订阅了down主题
单片机接收到的数据，程序未处理
7、主程序
功能还未完善，只是个流程，但基本已经实现了想要的功能了
#include "led.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "sys.h"
#include "oled.h"
#include "iic.h"
#include "uart.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "key.h"
#include "timer.h"
#include "esp8266.h"
#include "aliyun.h"
#define NULL 0
// MQTT 订阅主题
const char *topics[] = {"$oc/devices/68b5013332771f177b5ba0a9_device_001_0_0_2025090102/sys/messages/down"};
void SendMQTTPubData(const char* properties, double value);
u8 updateTime = 0; // 定时每秒采集数据
u8 wifi_update_data = 0;
u8 wifi_recv_ack = 0;
u8 RecBuf[32];
u8 RecCnt = 0;
//定时器3中断服务程序
void TIM2_IRQHandler(void) //TIM3中断
{
if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update) != RESET) //检查TIM3更新中断发生与否
{
TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update); //清除TIMx更新中断标志
updateTime = 1;
wifi_update_data++;
RecCnt = 0;
}
}
void USART1_IRQHandler(void) //串口1中断服务程序
{
u8 Res;
if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET) //接收中断(接收到的数据必须是0x0d 0x0a结尾)
{
Res = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
RecBuf[RecCnt] = Res;
RecCnt++;
}
}
int main(void)
{
u8 keyval;
u16 value = 0;
char buffer[256] = {0};
char cmd[32];
unsigned char *dataPtr = NULL;
delay_init(); //延时函数初始化
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2); //设置NVIC中断分组2:2位抢占优先级，2位响应优先级
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);
GPIO_PinRemapConfig(GPIO_Remap_SWJ_JTAGDisable , ENABLE);
initUART(); // 串口1初始化
LED_Init(); // LED端口初始化
initIIC(); // iiC驱动
initOLED(); // oled初始化
initKey();
initUART2();
formatScreen(0x00);//清屏
ESP8266_Init(); // ESP8266初始化
while(HuaWei_DevLink()) //接入阿里云
delay_ms(500);
formatScreen(0x00);//清屏
delay_ms(2000);
TIM2_Int_Init(9999,7199);//10Khz的计数频率，计数到9999为1秒
while(1)
{
keyval = KEY_Scan(0);
if(updateTime == 1) // 每秒更新一次数据
{
updateTime = 0;
}
OLED_ShowCHinese(0, 0, 4);
OLED_ShowCHinese(16, 0, 5);
memset(cmd, 0, 32);
sprintf(cmd, ":%02d ", (int)wifi_update_data);
OLED_ShowString(32, 0, cmd, 16);
/* WIFI */
if(wifi_update_data >= 10 || wifi_recv_ack == 1)
{
wifi_update_data = 0;
wifi_recv_ack = 0;
SendMQTTPubData("temp", 29.99);
ESP8266_Clear();
}
dataPtr = ESP8266_GetIPD(3);
if(dataPtr != NULL)
AliYun_RevPro(dataPtr);
delay_ms(1);
}
}
int strrindex(char s[], char t[])
{
int i,j,k,r = -1;
for(i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++)
{
k = 0;
for(j = i; t[k] !='\0';j++,k++)
{
if(t[k] == s[j])
{
continue;
}
else
{
break;
}
}
if(t[k] == '\0')
r = i;
}
return r+sizeof(t)+2;
}
/*!
* \fn AliYun_Publish_Data_Handle
* \brief 处理publish数据
*
* \param [in] int8 **payload #
* \param [in] uint16 *payload_len #
*
* \retval void
*/
void AliYun_Publish_Data_Handle(char *payload, unsigned short *payload_len)
{
int index = 0;
char *ptr1 = NULL, *ptr2 = NULL;
char *temp_pos;
int temp_val;
// 控制
ptr1 = strstr((char *)payload, "Relay1");
if(ptr1 != NULL)
{
index = strrindex(payload, "Relay1");
wifi_recv_ack = 1;
if(payload[index+2] == 0x30)
{
}
return ;
}
// 阈值
ptr2 = strstr((char *)payload, "val1");
if(ptr2 != NULL)
{
temp_pos = strstr((char *)payload, "\"val1\":");
wifi_recv_ack = 1;
sscanf(temp_pos, "\"val1\":%d", &temp_val);
// temp_hight = temp_val;
return ;
}
}
void SendMQTTPubData(const char* properties, double value)
{
char cmd[256] = {0};
sprintf(cmd, "AT+MQTTPUB=0,\"$oc/devices/%s/sys/properties/report\",\" \
{\\\"services\\\":[{\\\"service_id\\\":\\\"%s\\\"\\,\\\"properties\\\": \
{\\\"%s\\\": %f}}]}\",0,0\r\n", HUAWEI_MQTT_DeviceID_VALUE, HUAWEI_MQTT_ServiceID, properties, value);
// 发送命令并等待"OK"响应
while(ESP8266_SendCmd(cmd, "OK") == 1) {
delay_ms(500);
}
UsartPrintf(USART_DEBUG, "发布数据成功\r\n");
}
8、华为云效果
四、注意
ESP8266的固件一定要用AT MQTT常规固件
后面增加APP，通过APP查看数据和下发数据
五、附发送和接收的格式
1、发布的主题
$oc/devices/68b5013332771f177b5ba0a9_app_001_0_0_2025090106/sys/properties/report2、发送的数据格式
{"services":[{"service_id":"STM32","properties":{"temp":33,"hum":44}}]}3、订阅主题
$oc/devices/68b5013332771f177b5ba0a9_app_001_0_0_2025090106/sys/messages/down4、接收数据
(2025/9/1 15:12:28)
Topic=$oc/devices/68b5013332771f177b5ba0a9_app_001/sys/messages/down
Message={"name":null,"id":"8c2d85a6-551c-42e1-9c3c-123e2204e67e","content":{"temp":124}}
如有侵权，或需要完整代码，请及时联系博主。
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