前言

在现代Web应用中，文件上传和下载功能是常见的需求之一。随着云存储和分布式系统的广泛应用，高性能、可扩展的对象存储解决方案变得尤为重要。MinIO作为一款高性能、分布式的对象存储系统，以其简洁的设计和出色的性能，逐渐受到开发者的青睐。

本博客旨在结合前端Vue框架和后端SpringBoot框架，实现一个基于MinIO的文件上传下载系统。在这个系统中，用户可以上传文件到MinIO存储，并生成一个临时的URL链接以供下载。Vue作为现代前端框架，提供了灵活的组件化开发方式和良好的用户体验；SpringBoot则以其简洁的配置和强大的生态系统，成为Java后端开发的理想选择。

在本博客中，我们将详细介绍以下内容：

1. 如何在SpringBoot应用中集成MinIO。
2. 如何使用SpringBoot生成文件的临时URL链接。

步骤

依赖

 <!-- MinIO -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.minio</groupId>
            <artifactId>minio</artifactId>
            <version>8.2.2</version>
        </dependency>

配置文件

minio:
  endpoint: http://118.31.31.1
  port: 19000
  accessKey: admin1
  secretKey: 123456783
  bucketName: sif31an1

Minio配置类

import io.minio.MinioClient;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "minio")
@Data
public class MinioConfig {

    private String endpoint;

    private Integer port;

    private String bucketName;

    private String accessKey;

    private String secretKey;

    @Bean
    public MinioClient minioClient() {
        return MinioClient.builder().endpoint(endpoint, port, false).credentials(accessKey, secretKey).build();
    }
}

Minio工具类

import io.minio.*;
import io.minio.http.Method;
import io.minio.messages.Bucket;
import io.minio.messages.DeleteObject;
import io.minio.messages.Item;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

/**
 * MinIO工具类
 *
 * @author guoj
 * @date 2021/12/14 19:30
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class MinIOUtils {

    @Resource
    private MinioClient minioClient;

    @Value("${minio.endpoint}")
    private String endpoint;
    @Value("${minio.bucketName}")
    private String bucketName;
    @Value("${minio.accessKey}")
    private String accessKey;
    @Value("${minio.secretKey}")
    private String secretKey;

    private Integer imgSize = 100 * 1024 * 1024; //100M

    private Integer fileSize = 1 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024; //1G


    /**
     * 获取上传文件前缀路径
     *
     * @return
     */
    public String getBasisUrl() {
        return endpoint + "-" + bucketName + "-";
    }

    /******************************  Operate Bucket Start  ******************************/

    /**
     * 启动SpringBoot容器的时候初始化Bucket
     * 如果没有Bucket则创建
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void createBucket(String bucketName) throws Exception {
        if (!bucketExists(bucketName)) {
            minioClient.makeBucket(MakeBucketArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).build());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 判断Bucket是否存在，true：存在，false：不存在
     *
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public boolean bucketExists(String bucketName) throws Exception {
        return minioClient.bucketExists(BucketExistsArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).build());
    }


    /**
     * 获得Bucket的策略
     *
     * @param bucketName
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String getBucketPolicy(String bucketName) throws Exception {
        return minioClient
                .getBucketPolicy(
                        GetBucketPolicyArgs
                                .builder()
                                .bucket(bucketName)
                                .build()
                );
    }


    /**
     * 获得所有Bucket列表
     *
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public List<Bucket> getAllBuckets() throws Exception {
        return minioClient.listBuckets();
    }

    /**
     * 根据bucketName获取其相关信息
     *
     * @param bucketName
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public Optional<Bucket> getBucket(String bucketName) throws Exception {
        return getAllBuckets().stream().filter(b -> b.name().equals(bucketName)).findFirst();
    }

    /**
     * 根据bucketName删除Bucket，true：删除成功； false：删除失败，文件或已不存在
     *
     * @param bucketName
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void removeBucket(String bucketName) throws Exception {
        minioClient.removeBucket(RemoveBucketArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).build());
    }

    /******************************  Operate Bucket End  ******************************/


    /******************************  Operate Files Start  ******************************/

    /**
     * 判断文件是否存在
     *
     * @param bucketName 存储桶
     * @param objectName 文件名
     * @return
     */
    public boolean isObjectExist(String bucketName, String objectName) {
        boolean exist = true;
        try {
            minioClient.statObject(StatObjectArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).object(objectName).build());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("[Minio工具类]>>>> 判断文件是否存在, 异常：", e);
            exist = false;
        }
        return exist;
    }

    /**
     * 判断文件夹是否存在
     *
     * @param bucketName 存储桶
     * @param objectName 文件夹名称
     * @return
     */
    public boolean isFolderExist(String bucketName, String objectName) {
        boolean exist = false;
        try {
            Iterable<Result<Item>> results = minioClient.listObjects(
                    ListObjectsArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).prefix(objectName).recursive(false).build());
            for (Result<Item> result : results) {
                Item item = result.get();
                if (item.isDir() && objectName.equals(item.objectName())) {
                    exist = true;
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("[Minio工具类]>>>> 判断文件夹是否存在，异常：", e);
            exist = false;
        }
        return exist;
    }

    /**
     * 根据文件前置查询文件
     *
     * @param bucketName 存储桶
     * @param prefix     前缀
     * @param recursive  是否使用递归查询
     * @return MinioItem 列表
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public List<Item> getAllObjectsByPrefix(String bucketName,
                                            String prefix,
                                            boolean recursive) throws Exception {
        List<Item> list = new ArrayList<>();
        Iterable<Result<Item>> objectsIterator = minioClient.listObjects(
                ListObjectsArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).prefix(prefix).recursive(recursive).build());
        if (objectsIterator != null) {
            for (Result<Item> o : objectsIterator) {
                Item item = o.get();
                list.add(item);
            }
        }
        return list;
    }

    /**
     * 获取文件流
     *
     * @param bucketName 存储桶
     * @param objectName 文件名
     * @return 二进制流
     */
    public InputStream getObject(String bucketName, String objectName) throws Exception {
        return minioClient.getObject(GetObjectArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).object(objectName).build());
    }

    /**
     * 断点下载
     *
     * @param bucketName 存储桶
     * @param objectName 文件名称
     * @param offset     起始字节的位置
     * @param length     要读取的长度
     * @return 二进制流
     */
    public InputStream getObject(String bucketName, String objectName, long offset, long length) throws Exception {
        return minioClient.getObject(
                GetObjectArgs.builder()
                        .bucket(bucketName)
                        .object(objectName)
                        .offset(offset)
                        .length(length)
                        .build());
    }

    /**
     * 获取路径下文件列表
     *
     * @param bucketName 存储桶
     * @param prefix     文件名称
     * @param recursive  是否递归查找，false：模拟文件夹结构查找
     * @return 二进制流
     */
    public Iterable<Result<Item>> listObjects(String bucketName, String prefix,
                                              boolean recursive) {
        return minioClient.listObjects(
                ListObjectsArgs.builder()
                        .bucket(bucketName)
                        .prefix(prefix)
                        .recursive(recursive)
                        .build());
    }

    /**
     * 使用MultipartFile进行文件上传
     *
     * @param bucketName  存储桶
     * @param file        文件名
     * @param objectName  对象名
     * @param contentType 类型
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public ObjectWriteResponse uploadFile(String bucketName, MultipartFile file,
                                          String objectName, String contentType) throws Exception {
        InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream();
        return minioClient.putObject(
                PutObjectArgs.builder()
                        .bucket(bucketName)
                        .object(objectName)
                        .contentType(contentType)
                        .stream(inputStream, inputStream.available(), -1)
                        .build());
    }

    /**
     * 上传本地文件
     *
     * @param bucketName 存储桶
     * @param objectName 对象名称
     * @param fileName   本地文件路径
     */
    public ObjectWriteResponse uploadFile(String bucketName, String objectName,
                                          String fileName) throws Exception {
        return minioClient.uploadObject(
                UploadObjectArgs.builder()
                        .bucket(bucketName)
                        .object(objectName)
                        .filename(fileName)
                        .build());
    }

    /**
     * 通过流上传文件
     *
     * @param bucketName  存储桶
     * @param objectName  文件对象
     * @param inputStream 文件流
     */
    public ObjectWriteResponse uploadFile(String bucketName, String objectName, InputStream inputStream) throws Exception {
        return minioClient.putObject(
                PutObjectArgs.builder()
                        .bucket(bucketName)
                        .object(objectName)
                        .stream(inputStream, inputStream.available(), -1)
                        .build());
    }

    /**
     * 创建文件夹或目录
     *
     * @param bucketName 存储桶
     * @param objectName 目录路径
     */
    public ObjectWriteResponse createDir(String bucketName, String objectName) throws Exception {
        return minioClient.putObject(
                PutObjectArgs.builder()
                        .bucket(bucketName)
                        .object(objectName)
                        .stream(new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[]{}), 0, -1)
                        .build());
    }

    /**
     * 获取文件信息, 如果抛出异常则说明文件不存在
     *
     * @param bucketName 存储桶
     * @param objectName 文件名称
     */
    public String getFileStatusInfo(String bucketName, String objectName) throws Exception {
        return minioClient.statObject(
                StatObjectArgs.builder()
                        .bucket(bucketName)
                        .object(objectName)
                        .build()).toString();
    }

    /**
     * 拷贝文件
     *
     * @param bucketName    存储桶
     * @param objectName    文件名
     * @param srcBucketName 目标存储桶
     * @param srcObjectName 目标文件名
     */
    public ObjectWriteResponse copyFile(String bucketName, String objectName,
                                        String srcBucketName, String srcObjectName) throws Exception {
        return minioClient.copyObject(
                CopyObjectArgs.builder()
                        .source(CopySource.builder().bucket(bucketName).object(objectName).build())
                        .bucket(srcBucketName)
                        .object(srcObjectName)
                        .build());
    }

    /**
     * 删除文件
     *
     * @param bucketName 存储桶
     * @param objectName 文件名称
     */
    public void removeFile(String bucketName, String objectName) throws Exception {
        minioClient.removeObject(
                RemoveObjectArgs.builder()
                        .bucket(bucketName)
                        .object(objectName)
                        .build());
    }

    /**
     * 批量删除文件
     *
     * @param bucketName 存储桶
     * @param keys       需要删除的文件列表
     * @return
     */
    public void removeFiles(String bucketName, List<String> keys) {
        List<DeleteObject> objects = new LinkedList<>();
        keys.forEach(s -> {
            objects.add(new DeleteObject(s));
            try {
                removeFile(bucketName, s);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.error("[Minio工具类]>>>> 批量删除文件，异常：", e);
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 获取文件外链
     *
     * @param bucketName 存储桶
     * @param objectName 文件名
     * @param expires    过期时间 <=7 秒 （外链有效时间（单位：秒））
     * @return url
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String getPresignedObjectUrl(String bucketName, String objectName, Integer expires) throws Exception {
        GetPresignedObjectUrlArgs args = GetPresignedObjectUrlArgs.builder().expiry(expires).bucket(bucketName).object(objectName).build();
        return minioClient.getPresignedObjectUrl(args);
    }

    /**
     * 获得文件外链,失效时间默认是7天
     *
     * @param bucketName
     * @param objectName
     * @return url
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String getPresignedObjectUrl(String bucketName, String objectName) throws Exception {
        GetPresignedObjectUrlArgs args = GetPresignedObjectUrlArgs.builder()
                .bucket(bucketName)
                .object(objectName)
                .method(Method.GET).build();
        return minioClient.getPresignedObjectUrl(args);
    }

    /**
     * 将URLDecoder编码转成UTF8
     *
     * @param str
     * @return
     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
     */
    public String getUtf8ByURLDecoder(String str) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        String url = str.replaceAll("%(?![0-9a-fA-F]{2})", "%25");
        return URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");
    }


    /******************************  Operate Files End  ******************************/

}

控制器

import com.sifan.erp.config.MinioConfig;
import com.sifan.erp.domain.MinioObject;
import com.sifan.erp.dto.Result;
import com.sifan.erp.service.MinioObjectService;
import com.sifan.erp.utils.MinIOUtils;
import io.minio.MinioClient;
import io.minio.ObjectWriteResponse;
import io.minio.StatObjectArgs;
import io.minio.StatObjectResponse;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.UUID;

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/minio")
public class MinioController {
    @Resource
    private MinIOUtils minIOUtils;

    @Resource
    private MinioConfig minioConfig;
    @Resource
    private MinioClient minioClient;

    @Resource
    private MinioObjectService minioObjectService;

    /**
     * @param file
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping("/uploadCreative")
    public Result uploadCreativeScript(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
        Result result = new Result();
        if (file == null) {
            result.setMessage("文件为空");
            return result;
        }
        final MinioObject minioObject = new MinioObject();
        // 1. 文件名处理
        String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
        String objectName = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd/").format(new Date())
                + fileName.substring(0, fileName.indexOf('.') - 1)
                + "-" + UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-", "")
                + fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
        String contentType = file.getContentType();
        // 桶名称长度为3-63个字符,不能有大写字母
        String bucketName = "productcreative";
        try {
            //如果桶不存在,则创建桶
            minIOUtils.createBucket(bucketName);
            ObjectWriteResponse owr = minIOUtils.uploadFile(bucketName, file, objectName, contentType);
            result.setMessage("文件上传成功");
            minioObject.setBucketName(bucketName);
            minioObject.setContentType(contentType);
            minioObject.setCreatedTime(new Date());
            minioObject.setEtag(owr.etag());
            StatObjectResponse statObjectResponse = minioClient.statObject(StatObjectArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).object(objectName).build());
            minioObject.setLength(statObjectResponse.size());
            minioObject.setName(objectName);

            //插入MinioObject数据，查询Id
            Integer minioObjectId = minioObjectService.insertSelectId(minioObject);
            result.setData(minioObjectId);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            result.setMessage("文件上传失败:" + e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }

    //https://blog.csdn.net/aaa58962458/article/details/120764754
    @PostMapping("downloadCreative")
    public Result downloadCreative(@RequestParam("minioObjectId") Integer minioObjectId, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        Result result = new Result();
        if (minioObjectId == null) {
            result.setMessage("文件id为空");
            return result;
        }
        MinioObject minioObjectById = minioObjectService.getMinioObjectById(minioObjectId);
        String bucketName = minioObjectById.getBucketName();
        String name = minioObjectById.getName();
        boolean exists = minIOUtils.bucketExists(bucketName);
        //桶不存在
        if (!exists) {
            result.setMessage("桶不存在");
            return result;
        }
        boolean objectExist = minIOUtils.isObjectExist(bucketName, name);
        if (!objectExist) {
            result.setMessage("文件不存在");
            return result;
        }
        // 获取外链，链接失效时间7天
        String url = minIOUtils.getPresignedObjectUrl(bucketName, name);
        result.setData(url);
        return result;
    }

}

Vue前端

Vue前端上传

<el-upload
            class="upload-demo"
            :action="url+uploadUrl"
            :on-change="handleChange"
            :file-list="fileList"
            name="file"
          >
            <el-button size="small" type="primary">点击上传</el-button>
          </el-upload>





data() {
    return {
      url: request.defaults.baseURL,
      uploadUrl: '/minio/uploadCreative',
    }
  }

Vue下载，后端生成外链实现下载

 <el-button
                  size="small"
                  type="primary"
                  style="margin-left: 15px"
                  @click="creativeScriptDownload(props.row.creativeScript)"
                >点击下载
                </el-button>




creativeScriptDownload: function(creativeScript) {
      request.post('/minio/downloadCreative?minioObjectId=' + creativeScript).then(res => {
        window.open(res.data)
      }).catch(err => {
        this.$message({
          type: 'info',
          message: '创意脚本下载失败' + err.message
        })
      })
    }

 案例 - 上传文件生成链接（链接7天有效）

需求是：minio存储临时文件，上传文件后返回一个临时链接，文件和链接7天后过期。临时文件被删除。

service代码如下。

uploadTempFile为上传临时文件接口，

removeTempFile接口会扫描临时文件，时间超过7天就删除。removeTempFile方法可以使用定时任务去执行即可，执行的频率自行控制。

package com.sifan.core.service.impl;

import com.sifan.core.service.MinioService;
import com.sifan.core.utils.MinIOUtils;
import io.minio.*;
import io.minio.errors.MinioException;
import io.minio.http.Method;
import io.minio.messages.Item;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;

/**
 * @Author : dengzhilin
 * @create 2024/6/5 15:22
 */
@Service
public class MinioServiceImpl implements MinioService {

    @Resource
    private MinioClient minioClient;

    @Resource
    private MinIOUtils minIOUtils;

    private static final String tempBucketName = "temp";

    /**
     * 上传临时文件，返回文件链接，文件保存7天后删除*
     *
     * @param file 临时文件
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String uploadTempFile(File file) throws Exception {
        // 创建临时文件桶
        minIOUtils.createBucket(tempBucketName);
        String filename = System.currentTimeMillis() + "_" + file.getName();
        try (FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file)) {
            minioClient.putObject(
                    PutObjectArgs.builder()
                            .bucket(tempBucketName)
                            .object(filename)
                            .stream(fileInputStream, file.length(), -1)
                            .build()
            );
            return minioClient.getPresignedObjectUrl(
                    GetPresignedObjectUrlArgs.builder()
                            .method(Method.GET)
                            .bucket(tempBucketName)
                            .object(filename)
                            .expiry(7, TimeUnit.DAYS)
                            .build()
            );
        } catch (MinioException | IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error occurred while uploading file to MinIO", e);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void removeTempFile() {
        try {
            Iterable<Result<Item>> results = minioClient.listObjects(
                    ListObjectsArgs.builder().bucket(tempBucketName).build()
            );

            StreamSupport.stream(results.spliterator(), false)
                    .map(result -> {
                        try {
                            return result.get();
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                            return null;
                        }
                    })
                    .filter(item -> item != null)
                    .filter(item -> LocalDateTime.ofInstant(item.lastModified().toInstant(), ZoneId.systemDefault())
                            .isBefore(LocalDateTime.now().minusDays(7)))
                    .forEach(item -> {
                        try {
                            minioClient.removeObject(RemoveObjectArgs.builder().bucket(tempBucketName).object(item.objectName()).build());
                        } catch (MinioException | InvalidKeyException | IOException | NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    });
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

控制器代码如下：

    @PostMapping("/uploadTempFile")
    public String uploadTempFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
        try {
            // 将 MultipartFile 转换为 File
            File tempFile = convertMultipartFileToFile(file);
            String url = minioService.uploadTempFile(tempFile);
            // 删除临时文件
            tempFile.delete();
            return url;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return "Failed to upload file: " + e.getMessage();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 辅助方法：将 MultipartFile 转换为 File*
     *
     * @param multipartFile
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private File convertMultipartFileToFile(MultipartFile multipartFile) throws IOException {
        File tempFile = File.createTempFile("upload-", multipartFile.getOriginalFilename());
        multipartFile.transferTo(tempFile);
        return tempFile;
    }

下面是调用上传临时文件接口上传的文件。