在人工智能向“自主智能体”演进的道路上，我们正见证一个关键的范式转移：大型语言模型（LLM）不再仅仅是文本生成器，而是逐渐成为能感知环境、调用工具并执行复杂任务的智能核心。然而，传统的“文本输入-文本输出”模式，在面对需要精密逻辑、实时数据可视化与复杂业务流操控的生产力场景时，其交互深度的局限性暴露无遗。为了连接模型与广阔的外部世界，模型上下文协议（Model Context Protocol, MCP） 应运而生，旨在标准化模型与工具之间的通信，降低生态适配成本。

一、MCP 的基石与交互瓶颈

MCP 通过宿主（Host）、客户端（Client）与服务器（Server）的三层架构，实现了关注点的分离与协议的标准化。在其基础模型中，工具（Tools）通常返回结构化数据或静态 Markdown 文本。虽然这解决了功能调用的问题，但在处理如多维财务报表、交互式工程图纸或实时监控仪表盘等任务时，用户体验出现了断层——智能体只能“描述”数据，用户无法直接“操作”数据。这种交互深度的缺失，成为提升 AI 生产力的主要障碍。

二、MCP Apps：交互式 UI 的引入

2025年底，由 Anthropic、OpenAI 及社区推动的 MCP Apps 扩展（代号 SEP-1865） 正式发布，旨在彻底突破这一瓶颈。其核心创新在于，允许 AI 对话线程内直接交付并运行完整的、交互式的 Web 应用程序。

MCP Apps 的本质，是存在于 AI 对话中的沙箱化 HTML5 应用。它并非定义新的 UI 语言，而是拥抱成熟的 Web 技术栈（HTML/JS/CSS）。在 SEP-1865 框架下，工具定义可通过 _meta.ui 字段声明一个指向 UI 资源（使用 ui:// 协议）的引用。当 LLM 调用此类工具时，宿主便能识别该声明，并从服务器拉取对应的 UI 捆绑包进行渲染。

与传统 MCP 工具相比，MCP Apps 带来了根本性的提升：

https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076618
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076734
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076844
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076957
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077088
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077177
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077294
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077406
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077527
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077606
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074070
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074207
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074302
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074416
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074530
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076392
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076497
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076616
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076735
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076832
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076951
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077077
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077225
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077304
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077431
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077550
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074074
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074191
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074308
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074425
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074540
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074646
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074794
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074898
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075027
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075129
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075282
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075380
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075486
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075601
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075703
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075832
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075947
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076108
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076221
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076317
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076445
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076571
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076701
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076815
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076924
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077060
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077269
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077508
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076292
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076412
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076529
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074653
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074765
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074882
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074996
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075112
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075227
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075344
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075460
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075577
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075694
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075813
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075931
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076049
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076160
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076272
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076647
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076764
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076885
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076998
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076381
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076483
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076604
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077118
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077222
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077340
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077464
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076711
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076851
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077094
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077223
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077332
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077540
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074063
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074195
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074306
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074417
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074526
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074665
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074763
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074879
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074995
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077572
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076849
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076962
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077086
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077176
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077296
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077413
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074069
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074182
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074305
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074429
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074537
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074647
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074762
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074878
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074992
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075231
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075347
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075463
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075575
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075695
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075809
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075929
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076044
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076154
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076256
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076378
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076492
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076612
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076716
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076862
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076948
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077099
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077198
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077329
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077463
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077546
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075110
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075233
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075348
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075464
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075584
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075722
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075823
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075940
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076064
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076181
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076407
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076532
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076646
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076767
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076879
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077003
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077115
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077229
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077350
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077457
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074163
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074274
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074149
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074392
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074267
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074517
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074399
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074629
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074510
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074750
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074609
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074864
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074751
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074980
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074858
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075095
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074976
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075218
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075100
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075335
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075213
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075454
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075343
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075567
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075450
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075691
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075559
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075788
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075906
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074129
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074264
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074169
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074363
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074132
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074261
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074481
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074587
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074729
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075057
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075201
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075299
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075532
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075682
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075783
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075913
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074120
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074352
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074592
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074706
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074832
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074920
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075045
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075172
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075273
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075406
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075516
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075640
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075761
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075881
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075978
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076089
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076333
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076426
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076583
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076683
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076812
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074174
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074240
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074360
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074461
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074638
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074720
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074833
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074939
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075062
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075200
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075312
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075417
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075542
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074112
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074253
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074367
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074454
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074708
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074793
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074926
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075046
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075181
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075298
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075515
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075756
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075880
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075960
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076212
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076331
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075671
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075789
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076025
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076147
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076263
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076380
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076488
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076627
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076721
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076833
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076963
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077082
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077187
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077293
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077415
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077522
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074469
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075676
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075902
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076028
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076135
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076367
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076474
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076624
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076724
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076831
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076978
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077083
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077193
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077305
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077425
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077537
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077607
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074135
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074286
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074398
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074511
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074611
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074756
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074856
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074963
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075071
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075179
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075297
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075405
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075528
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075916
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076279
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076373
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076516
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076592
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076708
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076828
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076966
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077079
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077218
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077303
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077468
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077541
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077612
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074134
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076932
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075669
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075797
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075910
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076423
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076589
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076703
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076807
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076926
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077048
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077151
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077290
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077397
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077512
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077603
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074156
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074408
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074521
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074635
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074746
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074869
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074986
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075097
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075216
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075342
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075455
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075570
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075690
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077034
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077160
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077298
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077421
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077502
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077604
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074380
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074493
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074605
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074727
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074828
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075077
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075199
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075301
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075413
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075533
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075662
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075787
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076021
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076146
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076273
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076500
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076595
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074152
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074403
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074502
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074616
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074754
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074859
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12074974
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075104
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075211
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075332
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075457
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075573
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075674
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075791
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12075915
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076038
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076149
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076267
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076366
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076480
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076598
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076840
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12076972
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077080
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/12077196