PySide step by step系列

1、PySide简介

PySide 是 Qt 官方推出的 Python 绑定库，允许使用 Python 语言调用Qt 来开发跨平台的图形用户界面（GUI）应用程序（Qt for Python旨在通过多种适配将Qt框架暴露给Python），是当前开发 Python 桌面应用的首选工具之一。
PySide 由 Qt 官方团队开发和维护。遵循LGPLv3/GPLv3许可协议以及Qt商业许可协议。

• 学习资源
  建议看官方文档：https://doc.qt.io/qtforpython-6/
  B站视频

• 当前版本

• 开发辅助工具 （在命令行执行）

2、包简介

Qt Modules Supported by Qt for Python

2.1 pyside6-essentials

• QtCore：Core non-graphical classes used by other modules
• QtGui：Base classes for graphical user interface (GUI) components.
• QtWidgets：Provides the widget-based graphs API.
• QtHelp：Classes for integrating documentation into applications.
• QtNetwork：Classes to make network programming easier and more portable.
• QtConcurrent：Classes for writing multi-threaded programs without using low-level threading primitives.
• QtDBus：Classes for inter-process communication over the D-Bus protocol.
• QtDesigner：Provides classes to extend Qt Widgets Designer.
• QtOpenGL：Classes that make it easy to use OpenGL in Qt applications.
• QtOpenGLWidgets：Provides a widget for rendering OpenGL graphics.
• QtPrintSupport：Classes to make printing easier and more portable.
• QtQml：Classes for QML and JavaScript languages.
• QtQuick：A declarative framework for building highly dynamic applications with custom UIs.
• QtQuickControls2
• QtQuickTest：A unit test framework for QML applications where test cases are written as JavaScript functions.
• QtQuickWidgets：Provides a Python widget class for displaying a Qt Quick user interface.
• QtXml：Handling of XML in a Document Object Model (DOM) API.
• QtTest：Provides classes for unit testing Qt applications and libraries.
• QtSql：Classes for database integration using SQL.
• QtSvg：Classes for displaying the contents of SVG files. Supports a subset of the SVG 1.2 Tiny standard. A separate library (Qt SVG Widgets) provides support for rendering SVG files in a widget UI.
• QtSvgWidgets：Provides support for rendering SVG files in a widget UI.
• QtUiTools：Classes for loading QWidget based forms created in Qt Widgets Designer dynamically, at runtime.

2.2 pyside6-addons

• Qt3DAnimation
• Qt3DCore
• Qt3DExtras
• Qt3DInput
• Qt3DLogic
• Qt3DRender
• QtAxContainer
• QtBluetooth：Provides access to Bluetooth hardware.
• QtCharts：UI Components for displaying visually pleasing charts, driven by static or dynamic data models.
• QtDataVisualization：UI Components for creating stunning 3D data visualizations
• QtGraphs：Provides functionality for visualizing data in 3D as bar, scatter, and surface graphs, as well as 2D in area, bar, donut, line, pie, scatter, and spline graphs.
• QtGraphsWidgets
• QtMultimedia：A rich set of QML types and Python classes to handle multimedia content. Also includes APIs to handle camera access.
• QtMultimediaWidgets：Provides the widget-based multimedia API.
• QtNetworkAuth：Provides support for OAuth-based authorization to online services.
• QtNfc：Provides access to Near-Field communication (NFC) hardware. On desktop platforms NDEF access is only supported for Type 4 tags.
• QtPositioning：Provides access to position, satellite info and area monitoring classes.
• QtQuick3D：Provides a high-level API for creating 3D content or UIs based on Qt Quick.
• QtRemoteObjects
• QtScxml
• QtSensors
• QtSerialPort
• QtSerialBus
• QtSpatialAudio
• QtStateMachine
• QtTextToSpeech
• QtVirtualKeyboard
• QtWebChannel
• QtWebEngineCore
• QtWebEngineQuick
• QtWebEngineWidgets
• QtWebSockets
• QtPdf：Classes and functions for rendering PDF documents on desktop platforms.
• QtPdfWidgets：A PDF viewer widget.
• QtHttpServer：A framework for embedding an HTTP server into a Qt application.
• QtLocation
• QtAsyncio
• QtWebView

2.3 shiboken6

a utility Python module（工具包）

3、安装

• pip安装

-- 清华大学开源软件镜像站
pip install PySide6 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

• 测试安装

import PySide6.QtCore

print(PySide6.__version__)
print(PySide6.QtCore.__version__)

4、创建第一个QT应用程序

Qt提供了两种技术来构建用户界面，这两种技术都提供了使用拖放工具来创建界面的可能性。

• Qt Widgets：一种自Qt诞生之初就存在的命令式编程和设计方法，使其成为用户界面应用程序中稳定可靠的技术
• Qt Quick：一种声明式编程和设计方法，它使您能够通过描述简单的元素来创建流畅的用户界面。

本系列课程只针对 Qt Widgets技术

4.1 Qt Widgets

这是一个简单的PySide6应用程序，它在主窗口上显示一个按钮

from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QPushButton
import sys

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = QMainWindow()
window.setWindowTitle("My First PySide6 App")
button = QPushButton("单击我!")
window.setCentralWidget(button)
window.show()
app.exec()

4.2 相关类

上述示例涉及到QApplication、QMainWindow、QPushButton 3个类。在后续的学习中，对出现的新类、方法等应查阅手册以进一步了解相关信息。
对于有开发过应用程序，如用C++、C#开发Windows Form程序的程序员来说是非常好理解的。

• QApplication：QApplication 类负责管理 GUI 应用程序的控制流和主要设置
  

• QMainWindow：QMainWindow 类提供了一个主应用程序窗口，主窗口为构建应用程序的用户界面提供了一个框架，可以在其中添加菜单栏、工具栏、状态栏等部件

• QPushButton：命令按钮