n8n AI Agent 报错“Failed to parse tool arguments… Text: “[]”. SyntaxError” 完美解决方案(2025 年最新)

最近在用 n8n 搭建 AI Agent 工作流时,频繁遇到这个让人头疼的报错:
Failed to parse tool arguments from chat model response. Text: "[]". SyntaxError: Expected ',' or '}' after property value in JSON at position 45 (line 1 column 46) Troubleshooting URL: https://js.langchain.com/docs/troubleshooting/errors/OUTPUT_PARSING_FAILURE/

错误核心原因

LLM(比如 OpenAI、Groq、Ollama、Deepseek 等)在调用工具(Tool Calling / Function Calling)时,返回了一个空的工具参数列表 [],但 n8n 的 LangChain 输出解析器试图把它当成有效的 JSON 对象来解析,导致出现问题

简单说:模型本该返回类似 {“name”: “tool_name”, “arguments”: {“param1”: “value”}} 的结构,但它只返回了空数组 [],解析器不接受,就炸了。
触发原因通常是

  • 模型“幻觉”了,以为自己不需要调用任何工具,直接在最终回答里写了答案(尤其提示词不够严苛时)。
  • 使用了不支持/支持不好的工具调用模型(比如某些老版本的 Ollama 模型、某些本地模型)。
  • 提示词(System Prompt)没有强迫模型“必须只在需要工具时才调用工具,否则直接回复”。
  • 最要命的:在 AI Agent 节点直接挂 Structured Output Parser,如下图所示
    在这里插入图片描述

本文的解决办法来源于官方文档

n8n 官方在 Structured Output Parser 的常见问题页面写得清清楚楚: Structured output
parsing is often not reliable when working with agents. If your
workflow uses agents, n8n recommends using a separate LLM-chain to
receive the data from the agent and parse it. 翻译:Agent + Structured
Output Parser 组合非常不靠谱,强烈建议用一个独立的 LLM Chain 来接收 Agent 输出并进行结构化解析。

官方文档地址
https://docs.n8n.io/integrations/builtin/cluster-nodes/sub-nodes/n8n-nodes-langchain.outputparserstructured/common-issues/
正确流程应该是:

触发节点 → AI Agent(只负责思考和调用工具,关闭结构化输出)
→ LLM Chain(专门负责把 Agent 的乱七八糟输出转成干净 JSON)
→ Structured Output Parser(挂在这里,成功率 99.9%)
→ 后续节点

如下图所示
在这里插入图片描述

本文还提供了模板代码,可直接导入的完整n8n Workflow JSON

{
  "nodes": [
    {
      "parameters": {
        "promptType": "define",
        "text": "=新闻标题:{{ $('Read URL content').item.json.title }}\n新闻内容:{{ $json.output[\"网页内容\"] }}",
        "options": {
          "systemMessage": "## 系统角色\n你是资深「今日头条微头条」创作者与编辑,目标是在不违背事实与平台规范的前提下,围绕今日热榜与我指定的【领域】快速产出150–400 字的高互动微头条。\n\n## 输出格式:\n{\n  \"头条标题\":\"XXXX,XXXX,XXXXX\"\n  \"头条内容\":\"XXXXXX\"\n\n}"
        }
      },
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.agent",
      "typeVersion": 3,
      "position": [
        1648,
        576
      ],
      "id": "a70ff83f-f7b1-465e-8054-23eb3f943035",
      "name": "头条"
    },
    {
      "parameters": {
        "model": "deepseek-reasoner",
        "options": {}
      },
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatDeepSeek",
      "typeVersion": 1,
      "position": [
        1648,
        800
      ],
      "id": "884beaa0-d4b2-499b-a871-4dacc3cdbc6e",
      "name": "DeepSeek Chat Model2",
      "credentials": {
        "deepSeekApi": {
          "id": "kacnlIU8NKyBuzcy",
          "name": "DeepSeek account"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "parameters": {
        "jsonSchemaExample": "{\n  \"头条标题\":\"XXXX,XXXX,XXXXX\",\n  \"头条内容\":\"XXXXXX\"\n}"
      },
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.outputParserStructured",
      "typeVersion": 1.3,
      "position": [
        2080,
        784
      ],
      "id": "de38e68c-abcf-43a0-a461-7a690a3ff18d",
      "name": "Structured Output Parser2"
    },
    {
      "parameters": {
        "promptType": "define",
        "text": "={{ $json.output }}",
        "hasOutputParser": true,
        "messages": {
          "messageValues": [
            {
              "message": "你是一个严格的 JSON 提取/生成助手。\n从前面的AI Agent 输出中,提取或生成符合以下 JSON Schema 的内容。\n即使 Agent 输出很乱,你也要尽量修复并输出正确的 JSON。\n只输出 JSON,不要任何解释、markdown、代码块、前言后语。\n{\n  \"头条标题\":\"XXXX,XXXX,XXXXX\",\n  \"头条内容\":\"XXXXXX\"\n}"
            }
          ]
        },
        "batching": {}
      },
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.chainLlm",
      "typeVersion": 1.7,
      "position": [
        1952,
        576
      ],
      "id": "3178f952-edbb-4d96-8153-01fc93e51d81",
      "name": "Basic LLM Chain"
    },
    {
      "parameters": {
        "options": {}
      },
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatDeepSeek",
      "typeVersion": 1,
      "position": [
        1936,
        784
      ],
      "id": "11bd17f1-97e1-4386-b257-153df33b15b5",
      "name": "DeepSeek Chat Model4",
      "credentials": {
        "deepSeekApi": {
          "id": "kacnlIU8NKyBuzcy",
          "name": "DeepSeek account"
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "connections": {
    "头条": {
      "main": [
        [
          {
            "node": "Basic LLM Chain",
            "type": "main",
            "index": 0
          }
        ]
      ]
    },
    "DeepSeek Chat Model2": {
      "ai_languageModel": [
        [
          {
            "node": "头条",
            "type": "ai_languageModel",
            "index": 0
          }
        ]
      ]
    },
    "Structured Output Parser2": {
      "ai_outputParser": [
        [
          {
            "node": "Basic LLM Chain",
            "type": "ai_outputParser",
            "index": 0
          }
        ]
      ]
    },
    "Basic LLM Chain": {
      "main": [
        []
      ]
    },
    "DeepSeek Chat Model4": {
      "ai_languageModel": [
        [
          {
            "node": "Basic LLM Chain",
            "type": "ai_languageModel",
            "index": 0
          }
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "pinData": {},
  "meta": {
    "templateCredsSetupCompleted": true,
    "instanceId": "edbcfffffdae1c19473ac55f135d2bbf01921e80e2a6abc48c43437e48dd27ce"
  }
}
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