英语—四级CET4考试—积累篇—week1

后句and this prioritization of quantity over quality prevailed for decades，抽象名词prioritization做主语，后面是meaning现在分词做伴随，meaning后有宾语从句 a generation was brought up with food ，并且food后是that引导的定语从句。finding后是省略连接词

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day 1

今日课程表：

①高频词汇背诵
②每日长难句
③长难句拆解
高频单词

知道单词意思是看懂文章的第一步，快来解锁今日高频词汇！

1.alter v.改变，改动，变更
2.burst vi.,n.突然发生，爆裂
3.dispose vi.除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)
4.blast n.爆炸；气流 vi.炸，炸掉
5.consume v.消耗，耗尽
6.split v.劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的

每日长难句

今日长难句，同学来试试能不能读懂👇

They weren’t looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritization of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn’t compete with neighboring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.
长难句解析
叮叮叮，同学，上午的长难句你读懂了吗？来看看正确理解👇

拆解：整句话有两个分句组成，重点在后一分句。主干由and连接两个句子组成，前句they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on，有两点需要注意：一是whatever引导for的宾语从句，二是短语get one’s hands on意为“得到某物”；后句and this prioritization of quantity over quality prevailed for decades，抽象名词prioritization做主语，后面是meaning现在分词做伴随，meaning后有宾语从句 a generation was brought up with food ，并且food后是that引导的定语从句。
翻译：他们不会去找腌肉或有机产品，也不会在意菜肴摆放是否漂亮，他们只会寻找任何能得到的食物。这种数量优于质量的做法持续了好几十年，这意味着这一代人所吃的食物是无法与邻近的法国、意大利、比利时或是西班牙相提并论的。

段落匹配①

Why Do Americans Work So Much?
A)How will we all keep busy when we only have to work 15 hours a week? That was the question that worried the British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay“Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”in 1930. Over the next century, he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all. For a while, it looked like Keynes was right. In 1930 the average working week was 47 hours in the United States. But by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39.
B)But then something changed. Instead of continuing to decline, the duration of the working week remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades. So what happened? Why are people working just as much today as in 1970?
C)There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase the economy’s productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living “between four and eight times as high as it is today.” But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive. According to Benjamin M. Friedman, an economist at Harvard, the U.S. economy is right on track to reach Keynes’s eight-fold multiple by 2029. That is a century after the last data Keynes would have had access to.
D)In a new paper, Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has not translated into increased leisure time. Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing. This is a theory that appeals to many economists. “This argument is, at best, far from sufficient,” he writes. If that were the case, why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?
E)Another theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work. There is support for this theory. Many people today consider colleagues as friends. But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive. Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family, rather than at work. Furthermore, this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S. working week in the 1970s.
F)A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman. That is: American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone. In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less. Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers, this one fits chronologically (按年代). Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II, along with the duration of the working week. But since the early 1970s it has risen dramatically.
G)Keynes’s prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continue rising for everyone. But Friedman says that this is not what has happened. Although Keynes’s eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole, it is not at all the case for the median American worker. For them, output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing. This is a bit below his four-to eight-fold predicted range.
H)This can be seen in the median worker’s income over this time period, complete with a shift in 1973 that fits in precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking. According to Friedman, between 1947 and 1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers (those who were not in management roles) in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy. But by 2013 the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power. Thus, though American incomes may have gone up since 1973, the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down. For most Americans, then, the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973. Thus, they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living.
I)What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment. This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do so much. In Keynes’s vision, the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure. But Friedman says that, for Americans, reality is much darker. Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education—are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hourly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little. This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much. Rather, we can assume it is because they need the money.
J)This explanation leaves an important question. If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes’s time—can afford to work less, why do they continue to work so much? (Indeed, research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most.) Friedman believes that for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in, and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden. For them, it may even be a pleasure. These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves. And, of course, they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.
K)Friedman concludes that the prosperity (繁荣) Keynes predicted is here. After all, the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected. But for most Americans, that prosperity is nowhere to be seen. And, as a result, neither are those shorter working weeks.

选项
36.Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.
37.As ordinary American workers’ average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards.
38.American workers’ average weekly working time has not changed for nearly half a century.
39.Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours.
40.Many economists assume people’s thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time.
41.An economist’s prediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the 20th century.
42.In the U.S. labor market, the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure any employment even if it is low-paid.
43.Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.
44.Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing.
45.According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone’s standard of living continuing to rise.

答案速查：EHBFD AICJG

做题三步法–课程中【阅读】板块lesson2方法

一、记题干（勾画关键词，例如大写的名词、特殊的数字、动词、词组）
36.Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.
41.An economist’s prediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the 20th century.
43.Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.

二、读原文（逐段扫原文，找到关键词；两段都没有，说明关键词忘记或勾画不准确，可以回顾一下题干）
【例】A段的“average working week”与41题“average working week”对应，且1930年和1970年都属于the 20th century

三、做匹配（要想匹配好，“2+1”要记牢）
【例】C段的right、predicting、technology和make the economy much more productive可与43题的关键词对应。其中Keynes was right与原文中的Keynes got that right同义，满足“2+1（2个关键词+1个同义替换）”

day2

今日课表

①高频词汇背诵
②每日长难句
③长难句拆解
④学习技巧分享

高频单词分享

知道单词意思是看懂文章的第一步，快来解锁今日高频词汇！

1.budget n.预算 v.编预算，安排开支
2.candidate n.候选人
3.campus n.校园
4.liberal a.慷慨的；丰富的；自由的
5.transform v.转变，变革；变换
6.transmit v.传播，播送；传递

每日长难句

今日长难句，同学来试试能不能读懂👇

When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to the Comoros Islands in the Indian Ocean on June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong.

长难句解析

叮叮叮，同学，上午的长难句你读懂了吗？来看看正确理解吧👇

拆解：本句为复合句，主架为 the black box is the best bet。 when…sky 为时间状语从句。as a Yemeni…2009为as引导的非限制性定语从句，解释说明前句。what went wrong 为宾语从句，作identifying 的宾语。

翻译：当飞机从天空坠落时，正如在2009年6月30日那天一架也门客机在飞往印度洋科摩罗群岛途中的那样，黑匣子是鉴定问题所在的最佳选择。

共享学习小妙招

🙌今日分享——读主干

拿到一篇文章时，首先要看5道题目的主干，注意以下3点：
①不要读选项
②尝试找到文章的主题词：比如在题干中反复出现的词
③通过标志词找到题干的定位：如年代、人名、地点

day3

今日课表

①高频词汇背诵
②每日长难句
③长难句拆解

高频单词

知道单词意思是看懂文章的第一步，快来解锁今日高频词汇！

1.suspicion n.怀疑，疑心
2.suspicious a.怀疑的，可疑的
3.mild a.温暖的；温柔的
4.tender a.温柔的；脆弱的
5.nuisance n.损害，妨害，讨厌(的人或事物)
6.insignificant a.无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的

每日长难句

今日长难句，同学来试试能不能读懂👇

Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks
pilots’ conversations, and a flight-data recorder , which monitors fuel levels, engine noises, and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft’s final moments.

长难句解析

叮叮叮，同学，上午的长难句你读懂了吗？来看看正确理解👇

拆解：本句为并列句，主架为Modern airplanes have two black boxes。冒号后的内容解释说明two black boxes ,其中,两个which都引导非限制性定语从句,which …conversations 修饰 a voice recorder , which … functions 修饰 a flight-data recorder ,而 functions 后又跟了一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰functions。

翻译：现代的飞机都装有两个黑匣子：一个是声音记录器,用于记录飞行员的对话；另一个是飞行数据记录器,用于监控燃料余量、引擎噪音和其他的帮助调查人员重新确定机上最终情况的操作功能。

day4

今日课程表

①高频词汇背诵
②每日长难句
③长难句拆解
④学习技巧分享
高频单词
知道单词意思是看懂文章的第一步，快来解锁今日高频词汇！
1.spit v.吐(唾液等)；唾弃
2.spill v.溢出，溅出，倒出
3.slip v.滑动，滑落；忽略
4.slide v.滑动，滑落 n.滑动；滑面；幻灯片
5.bacteria n.细菌
6.breed n.种，品种 v.繁殖，产仔

每日长难句

今日长难句，同学来试试能不能读懂👇
Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1, 2009, are in water nearly that deep,but statistics say they’re still likely to turn up.

长难句解析

叮叮叮，同学，上午的长难句你读懂了吗？来看看正确理解吧👇
拆解：本句为并列复合句，主干为 Experts believe …but statistics say …。which crashed … June 1, 2009 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 Air France Flight 447。the boxes from Air France Flight 447 …are in water nearly that deep 为 believe 的宾语从句。they’re still likely to turn up 为宾语从句，作 say 的宾语。
翻译：专家们认为，2009年6月1日在巴西附近海域失事的法航447的黑匣子就落到了大约这一深度的水中，但是数据表明，该机上的黑匣子仍然有可能被发现。

共享学习小妙招

🙌今日分享——翻译内容
通过对历年真题的分析和统计，翻译题主要集中在历史文化、社会发展、中国经济三大方面。平时的阅读积累可以靠近这些主题，我们也会在每日的外刊分享和晚新闻中挑选合适的内容。
那么，你有什么心得妙招呢？

day5

今日课程表

①高频词汇背诵
②每日长难句
③长难句拆解

高频单词

知道单词意思是看懂文章的第一步，快来解锁今日高频词汇！

1.transplant v.移植，移居
2.transport vt.运输，运送 n.运输，运输工具
3.shift v.转动；转动；转变
4.vanish vi.消灭
5.swallow v.吞下，咽下 n.燕子
6.vary v.变化，改变；使多样化

每日长难句

今日长难句，同学来试试能不能读懂👇

In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position”.

长难句解析

叮叮叮，同学，上午的长难句你读懂了吗？来看看正确理解👇

拆解：本句为复合句，主干为the university…stressed that。that引导宾语从句，作 stressed的宾语；in her previous job为地点状语。when…Richard为非限制性定语从句, 修饰 2003. another former Yale provost 为插入语，修饰 Alison Richard。

翻译：2003年，当剑桥大学聘请另一位耶鲁大学的前教务长艾莉森•理查德作为该校常务校长时，剑桥大学向公众着重强调了她在以前的工作中负责监督财务，“是耶鲁大学财政状况提升的主要力量”。

day6

今日课程表

①高频词汇背诵
②每日长难句
③长难句拆解
④学习技巧分享

高频单词分享

知道单词意思是看懂文章的第一步，快来解锁今日高频词汇！

1.accelerate vt.加速，促进
2.absolute a.绝对的，无条件的；完全的
3.boundary n.分界线，边界
4.brake n.刹车，制动器 v.刹住(车)
5.catalog n.目（册） v.为…编目录
6.vague a.模糊的，不明确的

每日长难句

今日长难句，同学来试试能不能读懂👇

The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist （活动家）who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising.

长难句解析

叮叮叮，同学，上午的长难句你读懂了吗？来看看正确理解吧👇

拆解：本句为复合句，主干为 The board picked Bruce Benson。a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist 作 Bruce Benson 的同位语，说明其身份。who is likely to do … presidents为who引导的定语从句，修饰Bruce Benson。冒号后的fund-raising是对 the main task of modern university presidents 的解释。

翻译：理事会最终选择了69岁的科罗拉多商人兼政治活动家布鲁斯•本森担任校长一职，他看上去更能胜任现代社会校长的主要职责：募集资金。

共享学习小妙招

🎈今日分享—视听一致

根据不完全统计，四六级的听力答案多数能在原文中找到，在紧张的听力考试时，秉承着"听到什么选什么"的原则，能够将听力的分值拉高哦~

那么，你有什么心得妙招呢的？

day7

今日课表

①一周高频词汇复习
②每日长难句
③长难句拆解
④本周考点分析总结

一周单词复习

本周单词合集来啦！

alter v.改变，改动,变更
burst vi，n.突然发生，爆裂
dispose vi.陋掉；处置；览决；处理(of)
blast n.爆炸；气流。vi.炸，炸掉
consume v.消耗，耗尽
split v.劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的
spit v.吐(唾液等)；唾弃
spill v.溢出，溅出，倒出
slip v.滑动，滑落；忽略
slide v.滑动，滑落；n滑动；滑面；幻灯片
bacteria n.细菌
breed n.种，品种；v.繁殖，产仔
budget n.预算；v.编预算
candidate n.候选人
campus n.校园
liberal a.慷慨的；丰富的；自由的
transform v.转变，变革；变换
transmit v.传播，播送；传递
transplant v.移植
transport vt.运输，运送n.运输，运输工具
shift v.转秱；转动；转变
vary v.变化，改变；使多样化
vanish vi.消灭6不见
swallow v.吞下，咽下 n.燕子
suspicion n.怀疑，疑心
suspicious a.怀疑的，可疑的
mild a.温暖的，暖咀的；温柔的，味淡的
tender a.温柔的；脆弱的
nuisance n.损害，妨害，讨厌(的人或事物)
insignificant a.无意义的；无足轻重的；无价值的
accelerate vt.加速，促进
absolute a.绝对的，无条件的；完全的
boundary n.分界线，静界
brake n.刹车，制动器。v.刹住(车)
catalog n.目(册)；v.编目
vague a.模糊的，不明确的

长难句分享

今日长难句，同学来试试能不能读懂👇

Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to.

长难句解析

叮叮叮，同学，上午的长难句你读懂了吗？来看看正确理解👇

拆解：主干为Most designers are finding…。finding后是省略连接词that的宾语从句。该从句是there be句型，其主语comparable fabrics后有一个that引导的限制性定语从句直到句末。该定语从句的谓语动词replace带了两个由and连接的并列的宾语从句，都用what引导。

翻译：大多数现有品牌设计师都发现，找不到满意的有机布料取代现在使用的而且顾客习惯了的布料。