介词作用

介词（Preposition）其实就是媒介、中介的意思。它是用来表示名词、代词或短语与句子其他部分的关系的词。也被称为胶水词，将句子中的其他成分连接在一起。

常见的关系包括方向、时间、地点、方式、原因、对象等。介词不能单独使用，通常与其后的名词或代词构成介词短语。

介词的分类

结构形式分类

1. 简单介词 (Simple Prepositions)

介词	中文释义	示例	例句
at	在；在…时刻	at home, at 5 pm	She is waiting at the station.（她正在车站等候。）
in	在…里面；在…期间	in the room, in summer	The cat is in the box.（猫在盒子里。）
on	在…上面；在…某天	on the table, on Monday	The book is on the desk.（书在桌子上。）
by	通过；在…旁边	by car, by the river	He traveled by train.（他乘火车旅行。）
for	为了；持续…时间	for you, for two hours	This gift is for you.（这份礼物是给你的。）
from	来自；从…时间起	from China, from Monday	I am from Canada.（我来自加拿大。）
of	…的；属于	the roof of the house	The color of the sky is blue.（天空的颜色是蓝色的。）
to	到；向；给	go to school, to me	Give it to me.（把它给我。）
with	用；和…一起	with a pen, with friends	He wrote with a pencil.（他用铅笔写字。）
under	在…下面	under the bed	The ball rolled under the sofa.（球滚到沙发下面了。）

2. 合成/复合介词 (Compound Prepositions)

介词	中文释义	示例	例句
into	进入；到…里面	into the room	He walked into the building.（他走进了大楼。）
onto	到…之上；向…上	onto the stage	The cat jumped onto the chair.（猫跳上了椅子。）
upon	在…之上；一…就…	once upon a time	The decision is upon us.（这个决定即将到来。）
within	在…之内；不超过	within the city	Finish the task within an hour.（在一小时内完成任务。）
without	没有；不带	without sugar	I can’t live without music.（没有音乐我无法生活。）
throughout	遍及；贯穿	throughout the world	It rained throughout the night.（整夜都在下雨。）
inside	在…里面	inside the house	The key is inside the drawer.（钥匙在抽屉里。）
outside	在…外面	outside the door	They are playing outside.（他们正在外面玩。）

3. 双重介词 (Double Prepositions)

介词短语	中文释义	示例	例句
out of	从…里出来；离开	out of the car	She got out of the taxi.（她下了出租车。）
from behind	从…后面	from behind the tree	A rabbit appeared from behind the bush.（一只兔子从灌木丛后面出现。）
from under	从…下面	from under the bed	The dog came from under the table.（狗从桌子底下钻出来。）
from among	从…之中	from among the crowd	He was chosen from among many applicants.（他从众多申请者中被选中。）
until after	直到…之后	until after dinner	Wait until after the meeting.（等到会议结束之后。）

4. 短语介词 (Phrasal Prepositions)

介词短语	中文释义	例句
according to	根据	According to the forecast, it will rain.
because of	因为	The game was canceled because of the weather.
in front of	在…前面	Park your car in front of the house.
in spite of	尽管	In spite of his injury, he played well.
on behalf of	代表	I am speaking on behalf of my colleagues.
with regard to	关于	With regard to your question, I will reply soon.
due to	由于	The delay was due to heavy traffic.
for the sake of	为了…起见	He quit for the sake of his health.

5. 分词介词 (Participle Prepositions)

介词	中文释义	例句
regarding	关于	I have a question regarding your invoice.
concerning	关于	The news is concerning the economic situation.
considering	考虑到	Considering his age, he did a great job.
including	包括	The price is $100, including tax.
during	在…期间	She slept during the movie.
given	考虑到	Given the circumstances, we must act now.
granted	即使	Granted that it’s cheap, is it good quality?

功能意义分类

1. 表示时间 (Time)

介词	用法	中文释义	示例
at	用于钟点、短暂时间点	钟点或短暂时间点	at 7 o’clock, at noon, at night
in	用于月份、年份、季节、世纪、长时段	月份、年份、季节、世纪、长时段	in May, in 2020, in summer, in the past
on	用于具体某一天或日期	具体某一天或日期	on Monday, on my birthday, on Christmas Day
for	表示动作持续一段时间	动作持续一段时间	for two hours, for a week, for years
since	表示“自…以来”（从过去某点开始）	自…以来	since yesterday, since 1999, since last week
from…to	表示“从…到…”	从…到…	from Monday to Friday, from 9am to 5pm
during	表示“在…期间”	在…期间	during the holiday, during the meeting, during the war
until/till	表示“直到…”	直到…	until tomorrow, till next week, wait until 5 pm

2. 表示地点/位置 (Place/Position)

介词	用法	中文释义	示例
at	用于一个具体的点、小地点	一个具体的点、小地点	at the door, at the bus stop, at the top
in	在…内部或有界限的空间、大地点	内部或有界限的空间、大地点	in the room, in the park, in London, in the world
on	在…表面上	在…表面上	on the wall, on the table, on the floor, on the page
above/over	在…上方（不接触）	在…上方（不接触）	above the clouds, over the bridge, a roof over our heads
below/under	在…下方（不接触/接触）	在…下方（不接触或接触）	below sea level, under the table, under the bed
between	在两者之间	在两者之间	between you and me, between two buildings
among	在三者或以上之中	在三者或以上之间	among the trees, among friends, among the crowd
next to/beside	在…旁边	在…旁边	next to the bank, beside the river, sit beside me
opposite	在…对面	在…对面	opposite the bank, opposite the park

3: 表示方向/运动 (Direction/Movement)

介词	用法	中文释义	示例
to	朝向、目的地	朝向、目的地	go to school, walk to the park, move to the city
into	进入…内部	进入…内部	walk into the room, jump into the water, get into the car
out of	从…出来	从…出来	get out of the car, walk out of the room, take out of the box
onto	到…表面上	到…表面上	jump onto the stage, get onto the bus
across	横跨	横跨	walk across the street, swim across the river, a bridge across the river
through	穿过内部	穿过内部	drive through the tunnel, walk through the forest, look through the window
along	沿着	沿着	walk along the river, drive along the road, houses along the street
towards	朝向（某个方向）	朝向（某个方向）	move towards the light, run towards the finish line, steps towards peace

4: 表示方式、方法、工具 (Manner, Method, Instrument)

介词	用法	示例
by	通过某种方式或交通工具	by car, by hand, by mistake, by chance, written by Shakespeare
with	用某种工具或伴随	with a pen, with your help, with care, with a smile, cut with a knife
without	没有	without money, without permission, without doubt, without sugar
in	用某种语言、材料、方式	in English, in ink, in pencil, in a loud voice, pay in cash

5: 表示原因、目的 (Cause, Purpose)

介词	用法	示例
because of	因为	because of the rain, because of you, because of his hard work
due to	由于	due to illness, due to bad weather, cancellation due to rain
for	为了	for your health, for fun, for a reason, for sale, for dinner
on account of	由于	on account of his age, delayed on account of traffic

6: 表示其他关系 (Other Relations)

介词	用法	示例
of	表示所属、材料、内容等	the capital of China, a cup of tea, made of wood, a story of adventure
about	关于	a book about history, talk about business, worried about you
like	像…	like a hero, looks like his father, something like that
as	作为	work as a teacher, use as a tool, treat as a friend, as a result
despite/in spite of	尽管	despite the rain, in spite of difficulties, despite his fears

介词的用法

1.方向和运动介词

这些介词表示移动的方向，常与动词（如go, come, move等）搭配使用。

介词	含义	例句
to	到……	She went to the office.
into	进入……（内部）	He walked into the room.
onto	到……（表面）	The cat jumped onto the table.
out of	从……出来	He got out of the car.
from	从……	They came from France.

2.位置和地点介词

表示物体或人所处的位置。

介词	含义	例句
in	在……里面	The keys are in the drawer.
on	在……上面	There is a book on the table.
at	在……（具体地点）	I will meet you at the station.
under	在……下面	The shoes are under the bed.
between	在……之间	The school is between the park and the library.
behind	在……后面	The car is behind the house.

3.时间介词

表示事件发生的时间。

介词 含义 例句
in 在……（较长时间） We met in 2020. / She was born in July.
on 在……（具体日期） He arrived on Monday.
at 在……（具体时刻） The train leaves at 7 a.m.
since 自从…… They have lived here since 2015.
for 持续……时间 We stayed there for two weeks.
before 在……之前 Finish the work before lunch.
after 在……之后 He called me after the meeting.

4.方式和手段介词

表示做某事的方式或工具。

介词 含义 例句
by 通过…… We traveled by car.
with 用…… She wrote with a pen.
in 以……方式 He spoke in a loud voice.
on 通过……（通信方式） She talked to him on the phone.

5.原因、目的和伴随关系介词

表示原因、目的或与某人/某物在一起。

介词 含义 例句
because of 因为…… The match was canceled because of the rain.
due to 由于…… The flight was delayed due to bad weather.
for 为了…… This gift is for you.
with 与……一起 She came with her friend.

介词与其他词类的区别

介词 vs. 副词

介词后面通常接名词/代词，而副词则独立存在。
例：He went out of the room. (介词短语)
例：He went out quickly. (副词)

介词 vs. 连词

介词后接名词或代词，而连词连接两个句子。
例：I left because of the noise. (介词)
例：I left because it was too noisy. (连词)