基于Aarch64架构的OpenEuler系统在昇腾910B模型离线部署方案

本文详细记录了在openEuler 22.03 LTS操作系统上安装和配置Ascend 910B NPU的完整流程。主要包括：1）驱动、固件和MCU的安装与升级步骤；2）创建逻辑卷并挂载存储；3）配置Docker及Docker Compose环境；4）部署两种大模型推理服务（vLLM-Ascend和MindIE）的具体方法。文档提供了详细的命令行操作和配置文件内容，涵盖了从硬件驱动安装到AI模型部

YY-小样儿

1815人浏览 · 2025-09-02 01:10:54

YY-小样儿 · 2025-09-02 01:10:54 发布

一、驱动、固件安装及MCU升级

1.查询服务器的操作系统架构及版本

uname -m && cat /etc/*release

aarch64
openEuler release 22.03 LTS
NAME="openEuler"
VERSION="22.03 LTS"
ID="openEuler"
VERSION_ID="22.03"
PRETTY_NAME="openEuler 22.03 LTS"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"

openEuler release 22.03 LTS

2.查询 CPU 信息

lscpu


Architecture:           aarch64
  CPU op-mode(s):       64-bit
  Byte Order:           Little Endian
CPU(s):                 192
  On-line CPU(s) list:  0-191
Vendor ID:              HiSilicon
  BIOS Vendor ID:       HiSilicon
  Model name:           Kunpeng-920
    BIOS Model name:    HUAWEI Kunpeng 920 5250
    Model:              0
    Thread(s) per core: 1
    Core(s) per socket: 48
    Socket(s):          4
    Stepping:           0x1
    Frequency boost:    disabled
    CPU max MHz:        2600.0000
    CPU min MHz:        200.0000
    BogoMIPS:           200.00
    Flags:              fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma dcpop asimddp asimdfhm ssbs
Caches (sum of all):    
  L1d:                  12 MiB (192 instances)
  L1i:                  12 MiB (192 instances)
  L2:                   96 MiB (192 instances)
  L3:                   192 MiB (8 instances)
NUMA:                   
  NUMA node(s):         8
  NUMA node0 CPU(s):    0-23
  NUMA node1 CPU(s):    24-47
  NUMA node2 CPU(s):    48-71
  NUMA node3 CPU(s):    72-95
  NUMA node4 CPU(s):    96-119
  NUMA node5 CPU(s):    120-143
  NUMA node6 CPU(s):    144-167
  NUMA node7 CPU(s):    168-191
Vulnerabilities:        
  Itlb multihit:        Not affected
  L1tf:                 Not affected
  Mds:                  Not affected
  Meltdown:             Not affected
  Spec store bypass:    Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
  Spectre v1:           Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
  Spectre v2:           Not affected
  Srbds:                Not affected
  Tsx async abort:      Not affected

3.下载软件包

获取地址：魔乐社区

驱动：Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-driver_25.0.rc1.1_linux-aarch64.run

固件：Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-firmware_7.7.0.1.231.run

MCU：Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.zip

4.创建运行用户

概念解析

安装用户为安装驱动和固件所使用的用户
运行用户为驱动固件安装完成后，后续运行推理或训练业务时启动运行驱动和固件的用户

注意：

如果创建的用户和用户组是HwHiAiUser，安装软件包时无需指定运行用户，默认即为HwHiAiUser。

如果创建的用户和用户组是非HwHiAiUser（含root），安装软件包时必须指定运行用户（通过--install-username=username --install-usergroup=usergroup参数指定）。因此如果对运行用户名称没有特殊要求，建议使用HwHiAiUser。

创建用户

groupadd usergroup
useradd -g usergroup -d /home/username -m username -s /bin/bash

5.安装

检查环境

lsmod | grep drv_pcie_host

检查芯片

lspci | grep d802

5.1驱动安装

赋权

chmod +x Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-driver_25.0.rc1.1_linux-aarch64.run

校验安装包一致性和完整性

./Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-driver_25.0.rc1.1_linux-aarch64.run --check

Makeself logfile: /root/log/makeself/makeself.log
Verifying archive integrity...  100%   SHA256 checksums are OK. All good.
Verifying archive integrity...  100%   SHA256 checksums are OK. All good.
Uncompressing ASCEND DRIVER RUN PACKAGE  100%  
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:31:56] [INFO]Start time: 2025-07-17 10:31:56
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:31:56] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:31:56] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:31:56] [INFO]End time: 2025-07-17 10:31:56

执行安装

默认安装路径/usr/local/Ascend

./Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-driver_25.0.rc1.1_linux-aarch64.run --full --install-username=root --install-usergroup=root --install-for-all

Verifying archive integrity...  100%   SHA256 checksums are OK. All good.
Uncompressing ASCEND DRIVER RUN PACKAGE  100%  
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:21] [INFO]Start time: 2025-07-17 10:35:21
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:21] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:21] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:21] [WARNING]Do not power off or restart the system during the installation/upgrade
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:21] [INFO]set username and usergroup, root:root
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:22] [INFO]driver install type: DKMS
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:22] [INFO]upgradePercentage:10%
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:30] [INFO]upgradePercentage:30%
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:30] [INFO]upgradePercentage:40%
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:44] [INFO]upgradePercentage:90%
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:45] [INFO]Waiting for device startup...
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:49] [INFO]Device startup success
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:36:06] [INFO]upgradePercentage:100%
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:36:24] [INFO]Driver package installed successfully! The new version takes effect immediately. 
[Driver] [2025-07-17 10:36:24] [INFO]End time: 2025-07-17 10:36:24

注意：

root 用户安装驱动时，需使用--install-username=root --install-usergroup=root --install-for-all参数。

查看驱动加载

npu-smi info

5.2固件安装

赋权

chmod +x Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-firmware_7.7.0.1.231.run

校验安装包一致性和完整性

./Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-firmware_7.7.0.1.231.run --check

Makeself logfile: /root/log/makeself/makeself.log
Verifying archive integrity...  100%   SHA256 checksums are OK. All good.
Verifying archive integrity...  100%   SHA256 checksums are OK. All good.
Uncompressing ASCEND-HDK-910B-NPU FIRMWARE RUN PACKAGE  100%  
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:42:55] [INFO]Start time: 2025-07-17 10:42:55
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:42:55] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:42:55] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:42:56] [INFO]End time: 2025-07-17 10:42:56

执行安装

./Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-firmware_7.7.0.1.231.run --full

Verifying archive integrity...  100%   SHA256 checksums are OK. All good.
Uncompressing ASCEND-HDK-910B-NPU FIRMWARE RUN PACKAGE  100%  
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:18] [INFO]Start time: 2025-07-17 10:43:18
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:18] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:18] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:18] [WARNING]Do not power off or restart the system during the installation/upgrade
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:20] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 0%
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:32] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 90%
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:42] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 90%
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:52] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 90%
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:53] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 100%
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:53] [INFO]The firmware of [8] chips are successfully upgraded.
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:54] [INFO]Firmware package installed successfully! Reboot now or after driver installation for the installation/upgrade to take effect.
[Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:54] [INFO]End time: 2025-07-17 10:43:54

5.3升级MCU

解压

unzip Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.zip

Archive:  Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.zip
  inflating: Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm  
  inflating: Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm.cms  
  inflating: crldata.crl             
  inflating: version.xml             
  inflating: version.xml.cms

查看所有设备映射信息

npu-smi info -m

显示所有设备的拓扑信息

npu-smi info -l

查询MCU版本号

npu-smi upgrade -b mcu -i 0

升级指定NPU的MCU

npu-smi upgrade -t mcu -i 0 -f Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm

[WARNING]: Do not power off or restart the system during the upgrade.
        Validity                       : success

file_len(554991)--offset(554991) [100].
        transfile                      : successfully
        Status                         : start to upgrade
Start upgrade [100].
        Status                         : OK
        Message                        : Start device upgrade successfully
        Message                        : need active mcu

新版本生效

npu-smi upgrade -a mcu -i 0

Status                         : OK
        Message                        : The upgrade has taken effect after performed reboot successfully.

查询MCU版本号

npu-smi upgrade -b mcu -i 0

Version                        : 25.50.10

MCU升级方式

单个 NPU_ID

./upgrade_mcu.sh 3
./upgrade_mcu.sh 5 Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm

多个 NPU_ID

./upgrade_mcu.sh 2,4,6
./upgrade_mcu.sh 1,3 Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm

升级全部NPU_ID

./upgrade_mcu.sh all
./upgrade_mcu.sh all Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm

保存

upgrade_mcu.sh
chmod +x upgrade_mcu.sh

upgrade_mcu.sh配置文件

#!/bin/bash
# upgrade_mcu.sh <NPU_ID|ID1,ID2,...|all> [Ascend-hdk-xxx-mcu_Y.hpm]

usage() {
    echo "Usage:"
    echo "  Single:  $0 <0-7> [fw.hpm]"
    echo "  Multi:   $0 <id1,id2,...> [fw.hpm]"
    echo "  All:     $0 all [fw.hpm]"
    exit 1
}

#---------- 参数校验 ----------
[[ $# -eq 0 ]] && usage

# 解析 NPU_ID 列表
case "$1" in
    all|ALL)
        NPU_LIST=(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7)
        ;;
    *)
        # 尝试按逗号分割
        IFS=',' read -ra NPU_LIST <<< "$1"
        for id in "${NPU_LIST[@]}"; do
            [[ "$id" =~ ^[0-7]$ ]] || usage
        done
        ;;
esac

# 固件文件
FW_FILE=${2:-"Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm"}

#---------- 循环升级 ----------
for NPU_ID in "${NPU_LIST[@]}"; do
    echo "=== MCU upgrade for NPU_ID $NPU_ID ==="
    echo "Firmware: $FW_FILE"

    npu-smi upgrade -b mcu -i "$NPU_ID"
    npu-smi upgrade -t mcu -i "$NPU_ID" -f "$FW_FILE"
    npu-smi upgrade -a mcu -i "$NPU_ID"
    npu-smi upgrade -b mcu -i "$NPU_ID"

    echo "NPU_ID $NPU_ID done."
    echo
done

echo "All requested NPUs upgraded."

二、创建逻辑卷

1.查看磁盘信息

lsblk

2.创建物理卷pv

for d in /dev/nvme{0..3}n1; do
    pvcreate "$d"
done

Physical volume "/dev/nvme0n1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/nvme1n1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/nvme2n1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/nvme3n1" successfully created.

查看物理卷

pvs

3.创建卷组VG

vgcreate vg_data /dev/nvme0n1 /dev/nvme1n1 /dev/nvme2n1 /dev/nvme3n1

Volume group "vg_data" successfully created

查看卷组

vgs

4.创建逻辑卷LV

lvcreate -l 100%VG -n lv_data vg_data

Logical volume "lv_data" created.

查看逻辑卷

lvs

5.格式化文件系统

mkfs.xfs /dev/vg_data/lv_data      ||      mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_data/lv_data

meta-data=/dev/vg_data/lv_data   isize=512    agcount=14, agsize=268435455 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1    bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=3750735872, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=521728, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
Discarding blocks...Done.

6.临时挂载

mkdir -p /data
mount /dev/vg_data/lv_data /data

7.开机自动挂载

blkid /dev/vg_data/lv_data

/dev/vg_data/lv_data: UUID="eee7da5b-7d61-4a57-8b4d-b409da39d551" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="xfs"

编辑/etc/fstab文件

UUID=eee7da5b-7d61-4a57-8b4d-b409da39d551 /data  xfs  defaults  0  0

8.验证挂载

mount -a   # 无报错即成功

9.创建软链接

mkdir -p /data/models
ln -s /data/models /models

三、模型库

1.Hugging Face

Hugging Face – The AI community building the future.We’re on a journey to advance and democratize artificial intelligence through open source and open science.https://huggingface.sucp.cn/

2.HF-Mirror

HF-Mirror加速访问Hugging Face的门户。作为一个公益项目，我们致力于提供稳定、快速的镜像服务，帮助国内用户无障碍访问Hugging Face的资源。https://hf-mirror.com/

3.魔搭（ModelScope）

ModelScope 魔搭社区ModelScope——汇聚各领域先进的机器学习模型，提供模型探索体验、推理、训练、部署和应用的一站式服务。在这里，共建模型开源社区，发现、学习、定制和分享心仪的模型。https://modelscope.cn/

4.魔乐（openmind）

魔乐社区魔乐社区（Modelers.cn）是一个中立、公益的人工智能社区，提供人工智能工具、模型、数据的托管、展示与应用协同服务，为人工智能开发及爱好者搭建开放的学习交流平台。社区通过理事会方式运作，由全产业链共同建设、共同运营、共同享有，推动国产AI生态繁荣发展。https://modelers.cn/models

四、Docker安装

1.上传离线docker包

Docker：docker-28.3.3.tgz

2.解压

tar -zxvf docker-28.3.3.tgz

3.赋权

suod chmod +x /opt/docker/*

4.迁移

cp /opt/docker/* /usr/bin/

5.注册系统服务

vim /etc/systemd/system/docker.service

[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd --default-ulimit nofile=65535:65535
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
# Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.
#TasksMax=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers
Delegate=yes
# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup
KillMode=process
# restart the docker process if it exits prematurely
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

6.赋权docker.service

sudo chmod 755 /etc/systemd/system/docker.service

7.启动服务

systemctl start docker

8.开机启动

systemctl enable docker

9.检查服务状态

systemctl status docker

五、Docker Compose安装

1.上传docker-composer包

docker-composer：docker-compose-linux-aarch64

2.重命名

mv docker-compose-linux-aarch64 docker-compose

3.赋权

sudo chmod +x docker-compose

4.迁移

sudo cp docker-compose /usr/local/bin/

5.检查服务状态

docker-compose version

六、模型部署

6.1基于vLLM-Ascend部署

在线环境下载并导出

docker pull quay.io/ascend/vllm-ascend:v0.10.0rc1-openeuler
docker save -o vllm-ascend-openeuler.tar quay.io/ascend/vllm-ascend:v0.10.0rc1-openeuler
ls -lh vllm-ascend-openeuler.tar

上传vLLM-Ascend包

vLLM-Ascend：vllm-ascend-openeuler.tar

拉取镜像

docker load -i vllm-ascend-openeuler.tar

6.1.1Docker部署vLLM-Ascend服务

设置docker环境变量

# 从 ModelScope 加载模型以加快下载速度
export VLLM_USE_MODELSCOPE=True

# 设置 max_split_size_mb 以减少内存碎片并避免内存不足
export PYTORCH_NPU_ALLOC_CONF=max_split_size_mb:256

运行容器

docker run -it --rm\
  --name vllm \
  --network host \
  --shm-size=1g \
  --device /dev/davinci_manager \
  --device /dev/hisi_hdc \
  --device /dev/devmm_svm \
  --device /dev/davinci0 \
  --device /dev/davinci1 \
  --device /dev/davinci2 \
  --device /dev/davinci3 \
  -v /usr/local/dcmi:/usr/local/dcmi \
  -v /usr/local/bin/npu-smi:/usr/local/bin/npu-smi \
  -v /usr/local/Ascend/driver/lib64/:/usr/local/Ascend/driver/lib64/ \
  -v /usr/local/Ascend/driver/version.info:/usr/local/Ascend/driver/version.info \
  -v /etc/ascend_install.info:/etc/ascend_install.info \
  -v /root/.cache:/root/.cache \
  -v /models:/models \
  --entrypoint "vllm" \
  quay.io/ascend/vllm-ascend:v0.9.2rc1 \
  serve /models/Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct \
        --served-model-name Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct \
        --tensor-parallel-size 4 \
        --port 8000 \
        --max-model-len 26240

测试

curl http://localhost:8001/v1/chat/completions \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{
        "model": "Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B",
        "messages": [
            {"role": "user", "content": "你是谁？"}
        ]
    }'

6.1.2Docker Compose部署vLLM-Ascend服务

编写docker-compose.yml

services:
  vllm-instance1:
    image: quay.io/ascend/vllm-ascend:v0.9.2rc1
    container_name: vllm1
    restart: unless-stopped

    init: true

    # 网络 & 设备
    network_mode: host
    shm_size: 1g 
    devices:
      - /dev/davinci_manager
      - /dev/hisi_hdc
      - /dev/devmm_svm
      - /dev/davinci0
      - /dev/davinci1
      - /dev/davinci2
      - /dev/davinci3

    # 卷映射
    volumes:
      - /usr/local/dcmi:/usr/local/dcmi
      - /usr/local/bin/npu-smi:/usr/local/bin/npu-smi
      - /usr/local/Ascend/driver/lib64/:/usr/local/Ascend/driver/lib64/
      - /usr/local/Ascend/driver/version.info:/usr/local/Ascend/driver/version.info
      - /etc/ascend_install.info:/etc/ascend_install.info
      - /root/.cache:/root/.cache
      - /models:/models

    environment:
      - VLLM_USE_MODELSCOPE=True
      - PYTORCH_NPU_ALLOC_CONF=max_split_size_mb:256

    # 命令
    entrypoint: ["vllm"]
    command: >
      serve /models/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B
      --served-model-name Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B
      --tensor-parallel-size 4
      --enable_expert_parallel
      --port 8001
      --max-model-len 32768

  vllm-instance2:
    image: quay.io/ascend/vllm-ascend:v0.9.2rc1
    container_name: vllm2
    restart: unless-stopped

    init: true

    # 网络 & 设备
    network_mode: host
    shm_size: 1g 
    devices:
      - /dev/davinci_manager
      - /dev/hisi_hdc
      - /dev/devmm_svm
      - /dev/davinci4
      - /dev/davinci5
      - /dev/davinci6
      - /dev/davinci7

    # 卷映射
    volumes:
      - /usr/local/dcmi:/usr/local/dcmi
      - /usr/local/bin/npu-smi:/usr/local/bin/npu-smi
      - /usr/local/Ascend/driver/lib64/:/usr/local/Ascend/driver/lib64/
      - /usr/local/Ascend/driver/version.info:/usr/local/Ascend/driver/version.info
      - /etc/ascend_install.info:/etc/ascend_install.info
      - /root/.cache:/root/.cache
      - /models:/models

    environment:
      - VLLM_USE_MODELSCOPE=True
      - PYTORCH_NPU_ALLOC_CONF=max_split_size_mb:256

    # 命令
    entrypoint: ["vllm"]
    command: >
      serve /models/Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-32B-Instruct
      --served-model-name Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-32B-Instruct
      --tensor-parallel-size 4
      --port 8002
      --max-model-len 32768

测试

curl http://localhost:8001/v1/chat/completions \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{
        "model": "Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B",
        "messages": [
            {"role": "user", "content": "你是谁？"}
        ]
    }'

6.2基于MindIE部署

上传MindIE包

MindIE：2.0.RC1-800I-A2-py311-openeuler24.03-lts.tar.gz

导入镜像

docker load -i 2.0.RC1-800I-A2-py311-openeuler24.03-lts.tar.gz

6.2.1Docker部署MindIE服务

启动容器

docker run --net=host --ipc=host -it \
    --name mindie \
    --device=/dev/davinci_manager \
    --device=/dev/hisi_hdc \
    --device=/dev/devmm_svm \
    --device=/dev/davinci0 \
    --device=/dev/davinci1 \
    --device=/dev/davinci2 \
    --device=/dev/davinci3 \
    --device=/dev/davinci4 \
    --device=/dev/davinci5 \
    --device=/dev/davinci6 \
    --device=/dev/davinci7 \
    -v /usr/local/Ascend/driver:/usr/local/Ascend/driver:ro \
    -v /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:ro \
    -v /usr/local/dcmi:/usr/local/dcmi \
    -v /models:/models \
    swr.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com/ascendhub/mindie:2.0.RC1-800I-A2-py311-openeuler24.03-lts /bin/bash

说明：

--device: 表示映射的设备，可以挂载一个或者多个设备。

需要挂载的设备如下：

/dev/davinci_manager：davinci相关的管理设备。

/dev/hisi_hdc：hdc相关管理设备。

/dev/devmm_svm：内存管理相关设备。

/dev/davinci0：需要挂载的卡号。

配置MindIE服务

vim /usr/local/Ascend/mindie/latest/mindie-service/conf/config.json

{
    "Version" : "1.0.0",

    "ServerConfig" :
    {
        "ipAddress" : "127.0.0.1",
        "managementIpAddress" : "127.0.0.2",
        "port" : 1025,
        "managementPort" : 1026,
        "metricsPort" : 1027,
        "allowAllZeroIpListening" : false,
        "maxLinkNum" : 1000,
        "httpsEnabled" : false,
        "fullTextEnabled" : false,
        "tlsCaPath" : "security/ca/",
        "tlsCaFile" : ["ca.pem"],
        "tlsCert" : "security/certs/server.pem",
        "tlsPk" : "security/keys/server.key.pem",
        "tlsPkPwd" : "security/pass/key_pwd.txt",
        "tlsCrlPath" : "security/certs/",
        "tlsCrlFiles" : ["server_crl.pem"],
        "managementTlsCaFile" : ["management_ca.pem"],
        "managementTlsCert" : "security/certs/management/server.pem",
        "managementTlsPk" : "security/keys/management/server.key.pem",
        "managementTlsPkPwd" : "security/pass/management/key_pwd.txt",
        "managementTlsCrlPath" : "security/management/certs/",
        "managementTlsCrlFiles" : ["server_crl.pem"],
        "kmcKsfMaster" : "tools/pmt/master/ksfa",
        "kmcKsfStandby" : "tools/pmt/standby/ksfb",
        "inferMode" : "standard",
        "interCommTLSEnabled" : true,
        "interCommPort" : 1121,
        "interCommTlsCaPath" : "security/grpc/ca/",
        "interCommTlsCaFiles" : ["ca.pem"],
        "interCommTlsCert" : "security/grpc/certs/server.pem",
        "interCommPk" : "security/grpc/keys/server.key.pem",
        "interCommPkPwd" : "security/grpc/pass/key_pwd.txt",
        "interCommTlsCrlPath" : "security/grpc/certs/",
        "interCommTlsCrlFiles" : ["server_crl.pem"],
        "openAiSupport" : "vllm",
        "tokenTimeout" : 600,
        "e2eTimeout" : 600,
        "distDPServerEnabled":false
    },

    "BackendConfig" : {
        "backendName" : "mindieservice_llm_engine",
        "modelInstanceNumber" : 1,
        "npuDeviceIds" : [[0,1,2,3]],
        "tokenizerProcessNumber" : 8,
        "multiNodesInferEnabled" : false,
        "multiNodesInferPort" : 1120,
        "interNodeTLSEnabled" : true,
        "interNodeTlsCaPath" : "security/grpc/ca/",
        "interNodeTlsCaFiles" : ["ca.pem"],
        "interNodeTlsCert" : "security/grpc/certs/server.pem",
        "interNodeTlsPk" : "security/grpc/keys/server.key.pem",
        "interNodeTlsPkPwd" : "security/grpc/pass/mindie_server_key_pwd.txt",
        "interNodeTlsCrlPath" : "security/grpc/certs/",
        "interNodeTlsCrlFiles" : ["server_crl.pem"],
        "interNodeKmcKsfMaster" : "tools/pmt/master/ksfa",
        "interNodeKmcKsfStandby" : "tools/pmt/standby/ksfb",
        "ModelDeployConfig" :
        {
            "maxSeqLen" : 2560,
            "maxInputTokenLen" : 2048,
            "truncation" : false,
            "ModelConfig" : [
                {
                    "modelInstanceType" : "Standard",
                    "modelName" : "deepseek-r1",
                    "modelWeightPath" : "/models/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B",
                    "worldSize" : 4,
                    "cpuMemSize" : 5,
                    "npuMemSize" : -1,
                    "backendType" : "atb",
                    "trustRemoteCode" : false
                }
            ]
        },

        "ScheduleConfig" :
        {
            "templateType" : "Standard",
            "templateName" : "Standard_LLM",
            "cacheBlockSize" : 128,

            "maxPrefillBatchSize" : 50,
            "maxPrefillTokens" : 8192,
            "prefillTimeMsPerReq" : 150,
            "prefillPolicyType" : 0,

            "decodeTimeMsPerReq" : 50,
            "decodePolicyType" : 0,

            "maxBatchSize" : 200,
            "maxIterTimes" : 512,
            "maxPreemptCount" : 0,
            "supportSelectBatch" : false,
            "maxQueueDelayMicroseconds" : 5000
        }
    }
}

说明：

"httpsEnabled" : false：不启用 HTTPS。

"modelName" : "deepseek-r1"：模型名称。

"modelWeightPath" : "/models/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B"：模型权重路径。

"worldSize" : 4：NPU 卡数。

"maxSeqLen" : 2560：最大序列长度。等于 maxInputTokenLen + maxIterTimes。

"maxInputTokenLen" : 2048：最大输入 token 长度。

"maxIterTimes" : 512：最大输出 token 长度。

启动MindIE服务

cd /usr/local/Ascend/mindie/latest/mindie-service/bin

./mindieservice_daemon

测试MindIE服务

curl 'http://localhost:1025/v1/chat/completions'     -H "Content-Type: application/json"     -d '{
        "model": "deepseek-r1",
        "messages": [ 
            { "role": "system", "content": "你是位人工智能专家。" }, 
            { "role": "user", "content": "解释人工智能" } 
        ]
    }'
{"id":"endpoint_common_1","object":"chat.completion","created":1752806878,"model":"deepseek-r1","choices":[{"index":0,"message":{"role":"assistant","tool_calls":null,"content":"嗯，用户问的是“解释人工智能”，这看起来是一个比较常见的问题。首先，我得理解用户的需求是什么。可能他们想了解人工智能的基本概念，或者是在某个特定领域应用人工智能，但不太清楚具体是什么。也有可能他们对AI的概念感到困惑，想通过简单的解释来打消疑虑。\n\n我应该先从AI的定义入手，说明它是一个多学科交叉的领域，涉及计算机科学、认知科学等。然后，分点解释，这样结构清晰，用户容易理解。比如，AI的定义、主要特点、主要技术、应用场景和挑战。\n\n接下来，每个部分要详细一点，但不要太深入，因为用户可能只是想有个初步了解。比如，在定义部分，可以提到AI是模拟人类智能的系统，同时也要指出它不是人类智能的复制，而是智能的模拟。\n\n在主要特点部分，要强调学习和自适应能力，以及处理复杂任务的能力。这样用户能明白AI在解决问题时的效率和灵活性。\n\n技术方面，要简单解释一些关键的技术，比如机器学习、深度学习，以及自然语言处理，这样用户能有个大致的概念。同时，应用场景要列举一些常见的例子，比如自动驾驶、医疗诊断、客服系统等，这样用户能联想到实际生活中的应用。\n\n最后，挑战部分也很重要，说明AI虽然取得了进展，但还有许多问题，比如伦理和安全问题，以及技术瓶颈。这样用户能有一个全面的认识，知道AI的发展还有待完善。\n\n整体上，语言要简洁明了，避免使用太多专业术语，让用户容易理解。同时，结构要清晰，分点列出，方便阅读和记忆。这样用户不仅能了解AI的基本概念，还能对它的应用和发展方向有一个初步的了解。\n</think>\n\n人工智能（Artificial Intelligence，AI）是指模拟人类智能的系统或技术，能够执行如学习、推理、问题解决、感知和语言理解等任务。简单来说，人工智能是让计算机具备人类-like的智能特征。\n\n人工智能的核心目标是开发能够执行复杂任务的系统，而这些任务通常需要人类智能才能高效完成。以下是一些关键点来解释人工智能：\n\n### 1. **定义**\n人工智能是研究、开发和应用能够模拟人类智能的系统或技术。AI系统通过算法和数据训练，能够执行任务，如：\n   - **学习**：从经验中自适应和改进。\n   - **推理**：基于数据和规则做出决策或预测。\n   - **感知**："},"logprobs":null,"finish_reason":"length"}],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":12,"completion_tokens":512,"total_tokens":524},"prefill_time":625,"decode_time_arr":[52,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,9,10,10,10,9,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,9,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,9,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,9,9,10,10,9,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,11,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,13,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,11,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,11,11,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,11,11,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,12,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,11,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,13,12,11,10,10,10,10,10,11,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,13,12,12,12,11,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,11,11,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,11,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,12,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,11,11,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,11]}

6.2.2Docker Compose部署MindIE服务

创建目录文件

mkdir -p template
cd template

touch config.json.template compose.yml entrypoint.sh

mkdir -p logs
chmod 750 logs

chmod +x entrypoint.sh

配置文件`config.json.template` 文件

{
    "Version" : "1.0.0",

    "ServerConfig" :
    {
        "ipAddress" : "127.0.0.1",
        "managementIpAddress" : "127.0.0.2",
        "port" : ${MINDIE_PORT},
        "managementPort" : ${MINDIE_MANAGEMENT_PORT},
        "metricsPort" : ${MINDIE_METRICS_PORT},
        "allowAllZeroIpListening" : false,
        "maxLinkNum" : 1000,
        "httpsEnabled" : false,
        "fullTextEnabled" : false,
        "tlsCaPath" : "security/ca/",
        "tlsCaFile" : ["ca.pem"],
        "tlsCert" : "security/certs/server.pem",
        "tlsPk" : "security/keys/server.key.pem",
        "tlsPkPwd" : "security/pass/key_pwd.txt",
        "tlsCrlPath" : "security/certs/",
        "tlsCrlFiles" : ["server_crl.pem"],
        "managementTlsCaFile" : ["management_ca.pem"],
        "managementTlsCert" : "security/certs/management/server.pem",
        "managementTlsPk" : "security/keys/management/server.key.pem",
        "managementTlsPkPwd" : "security/pass/management/key_pwd.txt",
        "managementTlsCrlPath" : "security/management/certs/",
        "managementTlsCrlFiles" : ["server_crl.pem"],
        "kmcKsfMaster" : "tools/pmt/master/ksfa",
        "kmcKsfStandby" : "tools/pmt/standby/ksfb",
        "inferMode" : "standard",
        "interCommTLSEnabled" : true,
        "interCommPort" : 1121,
        "interCommTlsCaPath" : "security/grpc/ca/",
        "interCommTlsCaFiles" : ["ca.pem"],
        "interCommTlsCert" : "security/grpc/certs/server.pem",
        "interCommPk" : "security/grpc/keys/server.key.pem",
        "interCommPkPwd" : "security/grpc/pass/key_pwd.txt",
        "interCommTlsCrlPath" : "security/grpc/certs/",
        "interCommTlsCrlFiles" : ["server_crl.pem"],
        "openAiSupport" : "vllm",
        "tokenTimeout" : 600,
        "e2eTimeout" : 600,
        "distDPServerEnabled":false
    },

    "BackendConfig" : {
        "backendName" : "mindieservice_llm_engine",
        "modelInstanceNumber" : 1,
        "npuDeviceIds" : [[${NPU_DEVICE_IDS}]],
        "tokenizerProcessNumber" : 8,
        "multiNodesInferEnabled" : false,
        "multiNodesInferPort" : 1120,
        "interNodeTLSEnabled" : true,
        "interNodeTlsCaPath" : "security/grpc/ca/",
        "interNodeTlsCaFiles" : ["ca.pem"],
        "interNodeTlsCert" : "security/grpc/certs/server.pem",
        "interNodeTlsPk" : "security/grpc/keys/server.key.pem",
        "interNodeTlsPkPwd" : "security/grpc/pass/mindie_server_key_pwd.txt",
        "interNodeTlsCrlPath" : "security/grpc/certs/",
        "interNodeTlsCrlFiles" : ["server_crl.pem"],
        "interNodeKmcKsfMaster" : "tools/pmt/master/ksfa",
        "interNodeKmcKsfStandby" : "tools/pmt/standby/ksfb",
        "ModelDeployConfig" :
        {
            "maxSeqLen" : ${MAX_TOKEN_LEN},
            "maxInputTokenLen" : ${MAX_INPUT_TOKEN_LEN},
            "truncation" : false,
            "ModelConfig" : [
                {
                    "modelInstanceType" : "Standard",
                    "modelName" : "${MODEL_NAME}",
                    "modelWeightPath" : "${MODEL_WEIGHT_PATH}",
                    "worldSize" : ${NPU_DEVICE_COUNT},
                    "cpuMemSize" : 5,
                    "npuMemSize" : -1,
                    "backendType" : "atb",
                    "trustRemoteCode" : false
                }
            ]
        },

        "ScheduleConfig" :
        {
            "templateType" : "Standard",
            "templateName" : "Standard_LLM",
            "cacheBlockSize" : 128,

            "maxPrefillBatchSize" : 50,
            "maxPrefillTokens" : 8192,
            "prefillTimeMsPerReq" : 150,
            "prefillPolicyType" : 0,

            "decodeTimeMsPerReq" : 50,
            "decodePolicyType" : 0,

            "maxBatchSize" : 200,
            "maxIterTimes" : ${MAX_OUTPUT_TOKEN_LEN},
            "maxPreemptCount" : 0,
            "supportSelectBatch" : false,
            "maxQueueDelayMicroseconds" : 5000
        }
    }
}

说明：配置参数MindIE Server

${MINDIE_PORT}: MindIE 服务端口

${MINDIE_MANAGEMENT_PORT}: MindIE 管理端口

${MINDIE_METRICS_PORT}: MindIE 监控端口

${MODEL_NAME}: 模型名称

${MODEL_WEIGHT_PATH}: 模型权重路径

${NPU_DEVICE_IDS}: NPU 设备 ID 列表

${NPU_DEVICE_COUNT}: NPU 设备数量

${MAX_TOKEN_LEN}: 最大序列长度(MAX_TOKEN_LEN = MAX_INPUT_TOKEN_LEN + MAX_OUTPUT_TOKEN_LEN。)

${MAX_INPUT_TOKEN_LEN}: 最大输入令牌长度

${MAX_OUTPUT_TOKEN_LEN}: 最大输出令牌长度

注意：

外网访问 MindIE 服务时，需要：

ipAddress：0.0.0.0 # 默认值：127.0.0.1

managementIpAddress：0.0.0.0 # 默认值：127.0.0.2

allowAllZeroIpListening：true

入口脚本`entrypoint.sh` 文件

#!/bin/bash

# 检查 envsubst 是否存在，如果不存在则尝试安装（取决于基础镜像）
# 在基于 Debian/Ubuntu 的镜像中，envsubst 在 gettext 包里
if ! command -v envsubst &> /dev/null
then
    echo "envsubst not found, attempting to install gettext..."
    # 假设容器内有 apt-get 或 yum，这取决于 MindIE 镜像的基础系统
    # 如果 MindIE 镜像不支持包管理，你可能需要构建一个带有 envsubst 的自定义镜像
    if command -v apt-get &> /dev/null; then
        apt-get update && apt-get install -y gettext-base
    elif command -v yum &> /dev/null; then
        yum install -y gettext
    else
        echo "Could not install envsubst. Please ensure 'gettext' is available in your image."
        exit 1
    fi
fi

echo "##############################################################################################"
env

# 确保所有必要的环境变量都已设置，否则使用默认值
: "${MINDIE_PORT:=1025}"
: "${MINDIE_MANAGEMENT_PORT:=1026}"
: "${MINDIE_METRICS_PORT:=1027}"
: "${MODEL_NAME:=qwen2.5}"
: "${MODEL_WEIGHT_PATH:=/models/Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct}"
: "${NPU_DEVICE_IDS:=0,1,2,3}"
: "${NPU_DEVICE_COUNT:=4}"
: "${MAX_TOKEN_LEN:=8192}"
: "${MAX_INPUT_TOKEN_LEN:=4096}"
: "${MAX_OUTPUT_TOKEN_LEN:=4096}"

# 使用 envsubst 替换模板文件中的变量，并将其写入目标路径
envsubst < /usr/local/Ascend/mindie/latest/mindie-service/conf/config.json.template \
    > /usr/local/Ascend/mindie/latest/mindie-service/conf/config.json

echo "Generated config.json:"
cat /usr/local/Ascend/mindie/latest/mindie-service/conf/config.json

# 执行 MindIE 服务的原始守护进程
exec /usr/local/Ascend/mindie/latest/mindie-service/bin/mindieservice_daemon

模型部署

cp -r template/ deepseek-r1_qwen2.5/

切换目录

cd deepseek-r1_qwen2.5/

创建目录日志

mkdir -p logs/mindie1 logs/mindie2
chmod 750 logs/mindie1 logs/mindie2

Dockerfile安装`envsubst`工具

FROM swr.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com/ascendhub/mindie:2.0.RC1-800I-A2-py311-openeuler24.03-lts

# 使用 root（通常基础镜像已经是，保险起见再声明一次）
USER root

# openEuler 24.03 LTS 默认是 dnf，直接装 gettext 就行
RUN dnf install -y gettext && \
    dnf clean all && \
    rm -rf /var/cache/dnf

# 设置工作目录
WORKDIR /usr/local/Ascend/mindie/latest/mindie-service/bin

ENTRYPOINT ["./mindieservice_daemon"]

构建镜像

docker build -t mindie:2.0.RC1-800I-A2-py311-openeuler24.03-lts

修改 `compose.yml` 文件

name: mindie

services:
  mindie-instance-1:
    # image: swr.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com/ascendhub/mindie:2.0.RC1-800I-A2-py311-openeuler24.03-lts
    image: mindie:2.0.RC1-800I-A2-py311-openeuler24.03-lts
    container_name: mindie1
    restart: unless-stopped

    init: true
    network_mode: host
    shm_size: "1g"

    # 设备映射
    devices:
      - /dev/davinci_manager
      - /dev/hisi_hdc
      - /dev/devmm_svm
      - /dev/davinci0
      - /dev/davinci1
      - /dev/davinci2
      - /dev/davinci3

    # 卷映射
    volumes:
      - /usr/local/Ascend/driver:/usr/local/Ascend/driver:ro
      - /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:ro
      - /usr/local/dcmi:/usr/local/dcmi
      - /models:/models
      - ./config.json.template:/usr/local/Ascend/mindie/latest/mindie-service/conf/config.json.template:ro
      - ./entrypoint.sh:/usr/local/Ascend/mindie/latest/mindie-service/entrypoint.sh:ro
      - ./logs/mindie1:/root/mindie

    # 定义此实例的环境变量
    environment:
      - MINDIE_PORT=1025
      - MINDIE_MANAGEMENT_PORT=1026
      - MINDIE_METRICS_PORT=1027
      - MODEL_NAME=deepseek-r1
      - MODEL_WEIGHT_PATH=/models/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B
      - NPU_DEVICE_IDS=0,1,2,3
      - NPU_DEVICE_COUNT=4
      - MAX_TOKEN_LEN=8192
      - MAX_INPUT_TOKEN_LEN=4096
      - MAX_OUTPUT_TOKEN_LEN=4096

    entrypoint: ["/usr/local/Ascend/mindie/latest/mindie-service/entrypoint.sh"]

  mindie-instance-2:
    # image: swr.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com/ascendhub/mindie:2.0.RC1-800I-A2-py311-openeuler24.03-lts
    image: mindie:2.0.RC1-800I-A2-py311-openeuler24.03-lts
    container_name: mindie2
    restart: unless-stopped

    init: true
    network_mode: host
    shm_size: "1g"

    # 设备映射
    devices:
      - /dev/davinci_manager
      - /dev/hisi_hdc
      - /dev/devmm_svm
      - /dev/davinci4
      - /dev/davinci5
      - /dev/davinci6
      - /dev/davinci7

    # 卷映射
    volumes:
      - /usr/local/Ascend/driver:/usr/local/Ascend/driver:ro
      - /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:ro
      - /usr/local/dcmi:/usr/local/dcmi
      - /models:/models
      - ./config.json.template:/usr/local/Ascend/mindie/latest/mindie-service/conf/config.json.template:ro
      - ./entrypoint.sh:/usr/local/Ascend/mindie/latest/mindie-service/entrypoint.sh:ro
      - ./logs/mindie2:/root/mindie

    # 定义此实例的环境变量
    environment:
      - MINDIE_PORT=2025
      - MINDIE_MANAGEMENT_PORT=2026
      - MINDIE_METRICS_PORT=2027
      - MODEL_NAME=qwen2.5
      - MODEL_WEIGHT_PATH=/models/Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct
      - NPU_DEVICE_IDS=0,1,2,3
      - NPU_DEVICE_COUNT=4
      - MAX_TOKEN_LEN=8192
      - MAX_INPUT_TOKEN_LEN=4096
      - MAX_OUTPUT_TOKEN_LEN=4096

    entrypoint: ["/usr/local/Ascend/mindie/latest/mindie-service/entrypoint.sh"]

启动MindIE服务

docker compose up -d

测试MindIE服务

curl 'http://localhost:1025/v1/chat/completions'     -H "Content-Type: application/json"     -d '{
        "model": "deepseek-r1",
        "messages": [ 
            { "role": "system", "content": "你是为用户解决问题的AI助手。" }, 
            { "role": "user", "content": "你是谁？" } 
        ]
    }'

2048 AI社区

有“AI”的1024 = 2048，欢迎大家加入2048 AI社区

更多推荐

2026年4月5款设计AI深度横评-谁更适合接项目

2048 AI社区

Claude Code 使用技巧

Claude Code 使用摘要 Claude Code 提供三种交互模式（默认/自动接受/计划模式），支持多种快捷键和斜杠命令管理对话、记忆和任务。用户可通过CLI启动，使用!执行Shell命令，利用Skill复用常用指令，并通过Subagents处理独立任务。记忆系统分为项目级和用户级，支持图片输入和Hooks自动化。MCP协议可扩展外部工具集成，插件系统增强功能边界。

2048 AI社区

pysnmp 最新版本

你现在的里是旧版，代码逻辑如果是同步的，必须重写才能适配 FastAPI。建议直接升级库，并按照新版的风格写代码。09:20Python异步编程的三驾马车：asyncio、aiohttp、asyncpg的20个核心模式小柯教学承接私活北屿青禾同步、异步、回调，三者的关系一次说清聊聊同步、异步和回调，别再搞混啦cmdgen 或者 hlapi 的同步包装器什么意思用途简单来说，这两个都是 PySNMP