检查Python和pip版本是否匹配

在终端运行以下命令，确认Python和pip版本是否兼容：

python --version
pip --version

若pip版本过旧或与Python环境不匹配，可能引发该错误。正常情况下，pip应显示为Python的附属模块路径。

重新安装pip

通过Python自带的ensurepip模块修复安装：

python -m ensurepip --upgrade

或使用官方推荐的get-pip.py脚本重装：

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
python get-pip.py --force-reinstall

检查环境变量冲突

确认系统PATH中是否存在多个Python或pip路径。在终端执行：

which -a python
which -a pip

若存在多个路径，需删除或更正环境变量，确保调用的是目标Python环境对应的pip。

使用Python解释器直接调用

绕过系统路径直接指定Python解释器运行pip：

python -m pip install [package_name]

此方法可避免因环境变量混乱导致的模块路径解析错误。

验证pip模块完整性

进入Python交互环境检查pip模块是否可正常导入：

import pip._internal.cli.main
print(pip._internal.cli.main.__file__)

若报错提示路径不存在，说明pip安装不完整，需彻底卸载后重装。

彻底卸载并重装pip

完全卸载现有pip后重新安装：

python -m pip uninstall pip setuptools
python -m ensurepip
python -m pip install --upgrade pip

对于Linux/macOS系统，可能需要添加--user参数或使用sudo权限。

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