Execution failed for task ':app:mergeExtDexDebug'. > Could not resolve all files for configuration ':app:debugRuntimeClasspath'. > Failed to transform appcompat-resources-1.7.1.aar (androidx.appcompat:appcompat-resources:1.7.1) to match attributes {artifactType=android-dex, asm-transformed-variant=NONE, dexing-enable-desugaring=true, dexing-enable-jacoco-instrumentation=false, dexing-is-debuggable=true, dexing-min-sdk=30, org.gradle.category=library, org.gradle.dependency.bundling=external, org.gradle.libraryelements=aar, org.gradle.status=release, org.gradle.usage=java-runtime}. > Execution failed for DexingNoClasspathTransform: D:\.gradle\wrapper\dists\gradle-7.3.3-bin\6a41zxkdtcxs8rphpq6y0069z\gradle-7.3.3\caches\transforms-3\436bc2b301f3086c674c7b918ef2a6ab\transformed\appcompat-resources-1.7.1-runtime.jar. > Error while dexing. > Failed to transform appcompat-1.7.1.aar (androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.7.1) to match attributes {artifactType=android-dex, asm-transformed-variant=NONE, dexing-enable-desugaring=true, dexing-enable-jacoco-instrumentation=false, dexing-is-debuggable=true, dexing-min-sdk=30, org.gradle.category=library, org.gradle.dependency.bundling=external, org.gradle.libraryelements=aar, org.gradle.status=release, org.gradle.usage=java-runtime}. > Execution failed for DexingNoClasspathTransform: D:\.gradle\wrapper\dists\gradle-7.3.3-bin\6a41zxkdtcxs8rphpq6y0069z\gradle-7.3.3\caches\transforms-3\37985389ea77ac823d1e758b296758e1\transformed\appcompat-1.7.1-runtime.jar. > Error while dexing.

这个报错：

Execution failed for task ':app:mergeExtDexDebug' > Failed to transform appcompat-1.7.1 ... Error while dexing.

说明 你的构建工具链（Gradle + AGP）太旧，无法处理 appcompat:1.7.1 和 constraintlayout:2.2.1 这类较新的库，在执行 Dex 处理（D8 / R8）时失败。

✅ 你的问题本质：

• 你使用的 Gradle 7.3.3

• 很可能 AGP 是 7.0.x 或 7.3.x

• 但你引入了 较新的库：

  • androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.7.1

  • androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.2.1

  • 这些库使用了新字节码格式或依赖新版本的 D8/R8，不兼容老旧构建链

implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1'
implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'