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Praat: doint phonetics by computer
Python Praat库

安装测试

激活虚拟环境python 3.6.12，直接使用pip指令进行安装

pip install praat-parselmouth

测试

import parselmouth
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

绘制声波波幅图像

wav测试文件下载

sns.set() # 使用seaborn的默认设置
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] 

def plot_sound():
    snd=pm.Sound('audio/w_1.wav')
    plt.figure()
    plt.plot(snd.xs(), snd.values.T)
    plt.xlim([snd.xmin, snd.xmax])
    plt.xlabel('time [s]')
    plt.ylabel('amplitude')
    plt.show()

plot_sound()  

采集得到的图像如下

片段声音采集

It is also possible to extract part of speech fragment and plot it separately.

# 提取声音片段
def sound_fragement():
    snd_part=snd.extract_part(from_time=0.9, preserve_times=True)
    plt.figure()
    plt.plot(snd_part.xs(), snd_part.values.T)
    plt.xlim([snd_part.xmin, snd_part.xmax])
    plt.xlabel('time [s]')
    plt.ylabel('amplitude')
    plt.show()

sound_fragement()

声音信号频谱和强度

# spectrogram
def draw_spectrogram(spectrogram, dynamic_range=70):
    X, Y=spectrogram.x_grid(), spectrogram.y_grid()
    sg_db=10*np.log10(spectrogram.values) # 取对数处理
    plt.pcolormesh(X, Y, sg_db, vmin=sg_db.max() - dynamic_range, cmap='spring_r')
    plt.ylim([spectrogram.ymin, spectrogram.ymax])
    plt.xlabel('time [s]')
    plt.ylabel('freq [Hz]')

# intensity
def draw_intensity(intensity):
    plt.plot(intensity.xs(), intensity.values.T, linewidth=1.5, linestyle='-.',color='blue')
    plt.grid(False)
    plt.ylim(0)
    plt.ylabel('intensity [dB]')


def curve_plot():
    intensity=snd.to_intensity() # 强度
    spectrogram=snd.to_spectrogram() # 频率
    plt.figure()
    draw_spectrogram(spectrogram)
    plt.twinx()
    draw_intensity(intensity)
    plt.xlim([snd.xmin, snd.xmax])
    plt.show()

curve_plot()

滑动窗口采样

The Parselmouth functions and methods have the same arguments as the Praat commands, so we can for example also change the window size of the spectrogram analysis to get a narrow-band spectrogram.

def draw_pitch(pitch):
    pitch_values=pitch.selected_array['frequency']
    pitch_values[pitch_values==0]=np.nan
    plt.plot(pitch.xs(), pitch_values, 'o', markersize=3, color='blue')
    plt.ylim(0, pitch.ceiling)
    plt.ylabel('fundamental freq. [Hz]')

def pitch_plot():
    pitch=snd.to_pitch()
    pre_emphasized_snd=snd.copy()
    pre_emphasized_snd.pre_emphasize()
    spectrogram=pre_emphasized_snd.to_spectrogram(window_length=0.03, maximum_frequency=8000)

    plt.figure()
    draw_spectrogram(spectrogram)
    plt.twinx()
    draw_pitch(pitch)
    plt.xlim([snd.xmin, snd.xmax])
    plt.show()

pitch_plot()

使用seaborn中的FaceGrid函数可以同时展示多个音频文件的谱信息

'''
多文件显示
'''
import pandas as pd

def facet_util(data, **kwargs):
    digit, speaker_id=data[['digit', 'speaker_id']].iloc[0]
    sound=pm.Sound('digit/{}_{}.wav'.format(digit, speaker_id))
    draw_spectrogram(sound.to_spectrogram())
    plt.twinx()
    draw_pitch(sound.to_pitch())

    if digit != 5:
        plt.ylabel('')
        plt.yticks([])


def sns_face_grid():
    ans=pd.read_csv('digit/digit_list.csv')
    grid=sns.FacetGrid(ans, row='speaker_id', col='digit')
    grid.map_dataframe(facet_util)
    grid.set_titles(col_template="{col_name}", row_template="{row_name}")
    grid.set_axis_labels('time [s]', 'frequency [Hz]')
    grid.set(facecolor='white', xlim=(0, None))
    plt.show()

sns_face_grid()

MP3文件转为WAV文件

发现Praat库无法直接处理MP3文件，需要进行转换，安装pydub库

pip install pydub

需要下载ffmpeg软件，解压后添加到系统环境变量中

发现直接调用pydub进行转换会遇到权限问题，目前尚未解决

'''
mp3文件转为wav文件
'''
from pydub import AudioSegment
import pydub
pydub.AudioSegment.converter="E:\\ffmpeg_2020\\bin"

def mp3_trans_wav():
    snd=AudioSegment.from_mp3('audio/adu_2.mp3')
    snd.export('test_.wav', format='wav')

直接在CMD中调用ffmpeg软件对mp3文件进行解析

考虑通过python调用cmd命令转换mp3文件

'''
在cmd中调用ffmpeg指令转换文件格式
ffmpeg -i {mp3 filepath} {wav filepath}
'''
import os

def cmd_func():
    # ans=os.popen('ipconfig')
    # print(ans.read())Q
    src='adu_2.mp3'
    dst='wav_2.wav'
    ff_cmd='ffmpeg -i audio/{} wav/{}'.format(src, dst)
    ans=os.popen(ff_cmd)
    print(ans)

cmd_func()

结果可行

数据和代码下载

Praat库案例代码

参考资料

pydub库实现MP3文件与wav文件的相互转换
音频mp3格式转wav格式
python调用cmd命令行