本次用的poi的版本是4.1.2
 SXSSFWorkbook wb = new SXSSFWorkbook(); 
 CellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
 style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER)
 style.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.CORNFLOWER_BLUE.getIndex());// 设置背景色
 style.setFillPattern(FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND); 

 如果是3版本一下 
 style.setFillPattern(CellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);

    上面的单元格颜色对应下面的英语颜色表示，从X1-X49 按顺序对应；
        IndexedColors.AQUA.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.AUTOMATIC.getIndex(); 
        IndexedColors.BLUE.getIndex(); 
        IndexedColors.BLUE_GREY.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.BRIGHT_GREEN.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.BROWN.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.CORAL.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.CORNFLOWER_BLUE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.DARK_BLUE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.DARK_GREEN.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.DARK_RED.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.DARK_TEAL.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.DARK_YELLOW.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.GOLD.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.GREEN.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.GREY_25_PERCENT.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.GREY_40_PERCENT.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.GREY_50_PERCENT.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.GREY_80_PERCENT.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.INDIGO.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.LAVENDER.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.LEMON_CHIFFON.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.LIGHT_BLUE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.LEMON_CHIFFON.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.LIGHT_BLUE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.LIGHT_CORNFLOWER_BLUE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.LIGHT_GREEN.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.LIGHT_ORANGE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.LIGHT_TURQUOISE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.LIGHT_YELLOW.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.LIME.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.MAROON.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.OLIVE_GREEN.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.ORANGE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.ORCHID.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.PALE_BLUE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.PINK.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.PLUM.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.RED.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.ROSE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.ROYAL_BLUE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.SEA_GREEN.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.SKY_BLUE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.TAN.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.TEAL.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.TURQUOISE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.VIOLET.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.WHITE.getIndex();
        IndexedColors.YELLOW.getIndex();        

HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index);
cell.setCellStyle(style);

参考  https://www.cnblogs.com/linvan/p/10860538.html