interFoam求解器分析
·
interFoam是基于 VOF 模型的不可压、绝热、不可溶、不掺混(掺混指的是一种流体分布在另-种流体当中,如气泡在液体中的运动)两相界面捕获求解器。InterFoam 求解器中对于两相流自由界面的捕捉即是使用的流体体积法(VOF),而对于空间离散则是采用的有限体积法(FVM)。
本文参考了苏军伟的博客,对于我这种初学菜鸟来讲帮助很大,感兴趣的小伙伴可以前往查看。
代码解析
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration |
\\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
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under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Application
interFoam
Description
Solver for 2 incompressible, isothermal immiscible fluids using a VOF
(volume of fluid) phase-fraction based interface capturing approach.
The momentum and other fluid properties are of the "mixture" and a single
momentum equation is solved.
Turbulence modelling is generic, i.e. laminar, RAS or LES may be selected.
For a two-fluid approach see twoPhaseEulerFoam.
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//在OpenFOAM的求解器中,涉及到的构建时间、组建矩阵、有限体积离散、组建网格、量纲设置等有限体积库相关的头文件。建议在自定义的求解器中必备此项。
#include "fvCFD.H"
//MULES算法求解相分数
#include "CMULES.H"
//欧拉离散格式
#include "EulerDdtScheme.H"
//局部欧拉离散格式
#include "localEulerDdtScheme.H"
//Crank-Nicolson隐式差分格式
#include "CrankNicolsonDdtScheme.H"
//亚循环,减少运算时间(相方程求解是显示的)
#include "subCycle.H"
//不可混不可压缩两相流
#include "immiscibleIncompressibleTwoPhaseMixture.H"
//湍流模型
#include "turbulentTransportModel.H"
//定义PIMPLE循环,使用PIMPLE循环必备头文件
#include "pimpleControl.H"
//一个可供选择的物理框架,用做控制方程的源项或约束
#include "fvOptions.H"
//通量修正
#include "CorrectPhi.H"
#include "localEulerDdtScheme.H"
#include "fvcSmooth.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
//进入主程序
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
#include "postProcess.H"
//根据输入参数argc和argv设置算例根目录rootcase,必备头文件
#include "setRootCase.H"
//创建时间对象 runTime 用于控制程序运行(非稳态求解器都需要此头文件)
#include "createTime.H"
//创建网格对象,必备头文件
#include "createMesh.H"
//创建控制字典
#include "createControl.H"
#include "createTimeControls.H"
#include "createRDeltaT.H"
//初始化连续性误差
#include "initContinuityErrs.H"
//位于求解器根目录下,用于场对象的输入与输出
#include "createFields.H"
//创建源项,无需源项可删除
#include "createFvOptions.H"
//通量修正
#include "correctPhi.H"
//进行湍流验证
turbulence->validate();
if (!LTS) //LTS:局部时间格式(欧拉形式)
{
#include "readTimeControls.H"
#include "CourantNo.H"
#include "setInitialDeltaT.H"
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
//显示开始时间循环
Info<< "\nStarting time loop\n" << endl;
//进入时间循环
while (runTime.run()) //与 while (runTime.loop())功能相同, 但需添加runTime++;
{
#include "readTimeControls.H"
if (LTS)
{
#include "setRDeltaT.H"
}
else
{
#include "CourantNo.H" //计算并输出平均库朗特数以及最大库朗特数
#include "alphaCourantNo.H" //计算并输出混合后的平均库朗特数以及最大库朗特数
#include "setDeltaT.H" //重置timestep以保持恒定的最大courant数;时间步长的减少是立即的,但增加是避免不稳定振荡。
}
runTime++;
//显示当前运行时间
Info<< "Time = " << runTime.timeName() << nl << endl;
// --- Pressure-velocity PIMPLE corrector loop
while (pimple.loop())
{
//读取相分数控制字典
#include "alphaControls.H"
//亚循环,计算相分数,如非LTS则调用`alphaEqn.H`
#include "alphaEqnSubCycle.H"
mixture.correct(); //进行更新修正
//求解动量方程
#include "UEqn.H"
// --- Pressure corrector loop(压力修正)
while (pimple.correct())
{
#include "pEqn.H"
}
if (pimple.turbCorr()) //判断是否需进行湍流迭代
{
//重新计算湍动黏性,也就是对turbulence->divDevReff(U)需要的量进行更新。
//比如k-e模型中下面函数包括求解k-e方程和计算有效黏性系数。
turbulence->correct();
}
}
//输出计算结果到文件中
runTime.write();
//显示当前执行时间和cpu时间
Info<< "ExecutionTime = " << runTime.elapsedCpuTime() << " s"
<< " ClockTime = " << runTime.elapsedClockTime() << " s"
<< nl << endl;
}
//显示程序结束
Info<< "End\n" << endl;
//返回 0
return 0;
}
// ************************************************************************* //
动量方程:"UEqn.H"
动量方程代码含义可参见: OpenFOAM中动量方程 UEqn 浅析。
具体计算方式可参见: 多材料线弹性固体的应力分析
//MRF:基于旋转坐标系下的N-S方程修正边界速度,不需要可忽略
MRF.correctBoundaryVelocity(U);
fvVectorMatrix UEqn
(
fvm::ddt(rho, U) + fvm::div(rhoPhi, U)
+ MRF.DDt(rho, U)
//该项包含两部分:1.分子扩散项 2.雷诺应力的偏分量(dev)的散度。
//雷诺应力主分量(hyd)的散度归结到了压力项中,这是大多数雷诺时均和大涡模型实现的一贯做法。
//因此压力比层流模型中多了一项,那就是雷诺应力的主分量,通常被称为湍动压力(动压:p_rgh)
+ turbulence->divDevRhoReff(rho, U)
==
fvOptions(rho, U) //源项或约束,不需要可忽略
);
//松弛迭代,加速收敛
UEqn.relax();
//更正边界条件,维持通量守恒
fvOptions.constrain(UEqn);
//如果进行速度预测(on),则求解完整的动量方程得到预测速度
//如果不进行速度预测(off),则预测速度直接取当前已知时间步的速度
//momentumPredictor:动量预测求解开关,对多相流以及低雷诺数一般设置为off;
if (pimple.momentumPredictor())
{
solve
(
UEqn
==
fvc::reconstruct //显示重构网格中心面(光滑了整个分布情况),转换为体中心通量
(
(
mixture.surfaceTensionForce() //表面张力项
- ghf*fvc::snGrad(rho) //体积力项(垂直梯度)
- fvc::snGrad(p_rgh) // `p_rgh:动压`;压力梯度项
) * mesh.magSf() //网格面矢量绝对值
)
);
//保证动量守恒
fvOptions.correct(U);
}
压力方程 "pEqn.H"
{
// rAU:在速度的最后一个解中,从矩阵中提取对角项并存储倒数
volScalarField rAU("rAU", 1.0/UEqn.A());
//转换为表面标量场
surfaceScalarField rAUf("rAUf", fvc::interpolate(rAU));
//定义HbyA
volVectorField HbyA(constrainHbyA(rAU*UEqn.H(), U, p_rgh));
//将上述体积矢量场转化为面心标量场(参考有限体积法),并保证速度通量的全局守恒,以确保压力方程有解
surfaceScalarField phiHbyA
(
"phiHbyA",
fvc::flux(HbyA)
+ fvc::interpolate(rho*rAU)*fvc::ddtCorr(U, phi)
);
MRF.makeRelative(phiHbyA);//将绝对通量转化为相对于面的通量(参考动网格技术)
//对方程进行修正,保证速度边界条件守恒
adjustPhi(phiHbyA, U, p_rgh);
surfaceScalarField phig
(
(
mixture.surfaceTensionForce()
- ghf*fvc::snGrad(rho)
)*rAUf*mesh.magSf()
);
//更新面通量场
phiHbyA += phig;
// Update the pressure BCs to ensure flux consistency
constrainPressure(p_rgh, U, phiHbyA, rAUf, MRF);
// 非正交压力修正循环 ,根据fvSolution字典文件中设定值n,求解以下方程n-1次
while (pimple.correctNonOrthogonal())
{
fvScalarMatrix p_rghEqn
(
fvm::laplacian(rAUf, p_rgh) == fvc::div(phiHbyA)
);
//只有求解区域所有的压力边界都为第二类边界条件时,上面的值才会用到。
//如果有第一类边界条件,压力参考值为该点处边界值。
//对于不可压缩流动压力值为相对值,上面的参考值的大小对结果无影响,除非存在边界压力。
p_rghEqn.setReference(pRefCell, getRefCellValue(p_rgh, pRefCell));
//通过查询system/fvSolution下的PIMPLE更新压力参考网格并重新设定参考值
p_rghEqn.solve(mesh.solver(p_rgh.select(pimple.finalInnerIter())));
//在最后一次非正交内循环中,使用最新压力校正通量
if (pimple.finalNonOrthogonalIter())
{
phi = phiHbyA - p_rghEqn.flux();
//若外迭代次数为n,则压力场的松弛仅在n-1次外循环前进行
//若外迭代次数为1,这里使用piso算法,压力不进行亚松驰
p_rgh.relax();
//校正速度,满足边界条件(主要针对第二类边界条件)
U = HbyA + rAU*fvc::reconstruct((phig - p_rghEqn.flux())/rAUf);
U.correctBoundaryConditions();
fvOptions.correct(U);
}
}
//计算连续性方程误差
#include "continuityErrs.H"
// 计算总压
p == p_rgh + rho*gh;
//更新动压
if (p_rgh.needReference())
{
p += dimensionedScalar
(
"p",
p.dimensions(),
pRefValue - getRefCellValue(p, pRefCell)
);
p_rgh = p - rho*gh;
}
}
相分数求解头文件:alphaEqn.H
{
//制定两种离散格式
word alphaScheme("div(phi,alpha)");
word alpharScheme("div(phirb,alpha)");
//制定时间离散格式
tmp<fv::ddtScheme<scalar>> ddtAlpha
(
fv::ddtScheme<scalar>::New
(
mesh,
mesh.ddtScheme("ddt(alpha)")
)
);
//设置偏心系数
// Set the off-centering coefficient according to ddt scheme
scalar ocCoeff = 0;
if
(
isType<fv::EulerDdtScheme<scalar>>(ddtAlpha())
|| isType<fv::localEulerDdtScheme<scalar>>(ddtAlpha())
)
{
ocCoeff = 0; //一阶离散该系数为零
}
else if (isType<fv::CrankNicolsonDdtScheme<scalar>>(ddtAlpha())) //Crank-Nicolson 离散格式(二阶离散)
{
if (nAlphaSubCycles > 1)
{
//子循环次数>1,报错
FatalErrorInFunction
<< "Sub-cycling is not supported "
"with the CrankNicolson ddt scheme"
<< exit(FatalError);
}
//按照设定的时间离散格式求解该系数
ocCoeff =
refCast<const fv::CrankNicolsonDdtScheme<scalar>>(ddtAlpha()) //const:不可修改
.ocCoeff();
}
else
{
FatalErrorInFunction
<< "Only Euler and CrankNicolson ddt schemes are supported" //不支持其他输出格式
<< exit(FatalError);
}
//规定标量cnCoeff系数值
scalar cnCoeff = 1.0/(1.0 + ocCoeff);
// Standard face-flux compression coefficient
surfaceScalarField phic(mixture.cAlpha()*mag(phi/mesh.magSf())); //`mixture.cAlpha`:压缩因子
// Add the optional isotropic(各向同性) compression contribution
if (icAlpha > 0)
{
phic *= (1.0 - icAlpha);
phic += (mixture.cAlpha()*icAlpha)*fvc::interpolate(mag(U));
}
surfaceScalarField::Boundary& phicBf =
phic.boundaryFieldRef();
// Do not compress interface at non-coupled boundary faces(不压缩非耦合界面)
// (inlets, outlets etc.)
forAll(phic.boundaryField(), patchi)
{
fvsPatchScalarField& phicp = phicBf[patchi];
if (!phicp.coupled())
{
phicp == 0; //对于非耦合界面,该值为零
}
}
//Crank-Nicolson格式
tmp<surfaceScalarField> phiCN(phi);
// Calculate the Crank-Nicolson off-centred volumetric flux
//体积流量
if (ocCoeff > 0)
{
phiCN = cnCoeff*phi + (1.0 - cnCoeff)*phi.oldTime();
}
if (MULESCorr)
{
fvScalarMatrix alpha1Eqn
(
(
LTS
? fv::localEulerDdtScheme<scalar>(mesh).fvmDdt(alpha1)
: fv::EulerDdtScheme<scalar>(mesh).fvmDdt(alpha1)
)
+ fv::gaussConvectionScheme<scalar>
(
mesh,
phiCN,
upwind<scalar>(mesh, phiCN)
).fvmDiv(phiCN, alpha1)
);
//求解相分数值
alpha1Eqn.solve();
//显示相1体积分数的极大值和极小值
Info<< "Phase-1 volume fraction = "
<< alpha1.weightedAverage(mesh.Vsc()).value()
<< " Min(" << alpha1.name() << ") = " << min(alpha1).value()
<< " Max(" << alpha1.name() << ") = " << max(alpha1).value()
<< endl;
//迎风格式
tmp<surfaceScalarField> talphaPhiUD(alpha1Eqn.flux());
alphaPhi = talphaPhiUD();
if (alphaApplyPrevCorr && talphaPhiCorr0.valid())
{
Info<< "Applying the previous iteration compression flux" << endl;
//半隐式算法
MULES::correct(alpha1, alphaPhi, talphaPhiCorr0.ref(), 1, 0);
alphaPhi += talphaPhiCorr0();
}
// Cache the upwind-flux
talphaPhiCorr0 = talphaPhiUD;
alpha2 = 1.0 - alpha1;
mixture.correct();
}
for (int aCorr=0; aCorr<nAlphaCorr; aCorr++)
{
surfaceScalarField phir(phic*mixture.nHatf()); //phir:
//总体通量
tmp<surfaceScalarField> talphaPhiUn
(
fvc::flux
(
phi,
alpha1,
alphaScheme
)
+ fvc::flux
(
-fvc::flux(-phir, alpha2, alpharScheme), //方程6
alpha1,
alpharScheme
)
);
// Calculate the Crank-Nicolson off-centred alpha flux
//相分数流量
if (ocCoeff > 0)
{
talphaPhiUn =
cnCoeff*talphaPhiUn + (1.0 - cnCoeff)*alphaPhi.oldTime();
}
//半隐式离散
if (MULESCorr)
{
tmp<surfaceScalarField> talphaPhiCorr(talphaPhiUn() - alphaPhi);
volScalarField alpha10("alpha10", alpha1);
MULES::correct(alpha1, talphaPhiUn(), talphaPhiCorr.ref(), 1, 0);
// Under-relax the correction for all but the 1st corrector
if (aCorr == 0)
{
alphaPhi += talphaPhiCorr();
}
else
{
alpha1 = 0.5*alpha1 + 0.5*alpha10;
alphaPhi += 0.5*talphaPhiCorr();
}
}
else
{
alphaPhi = talphaPhiUn; //一阶迎风格式
//全显性求解
MULES::explicitSolve(alpha1, phiCN, alphaPhi, 1, 0);
}
alpha2 = 1.0 - alpha1;
//
mixture.correct();
}
if (alphaApplyPrevCorr && MULESCorr)
{
talphaPhiCorr0 = alphaPhi - talphaPhiCorr0;
}
if
(
word(mesh.ddtScheme("ddt(rho,U)"))
== fv::EulerDdtScheme<vector>::typeName
)
{
//给出欧拉离散格式下的动量方程中`rhoPhi`的值
rhoPhi = alphaPhi*(rho1 - rho2) + phiCN*rho2;
}
else
{
if (ocCoeff > 0)
{
// Calculate the end-of-time-step alpha flux
alphaPhi = (alphaPhi - (1.0 - cnCoeff)*alphaPhi.oldTime())/cnCoeff;
}
// Calculate the end-of-time-step mass flux
rhoPhi = alphaPhi*(rho1 - rho2) + phi*rho2;
}
//显示相1的相分数极值
Info<< "Phase-1 volume fraction = "
<< alpha1.weightedAverage(mesh.Vsc()).value()
<< " Min(" << alpha1.name() << ") = " << min(alpha1).value()
<< " Max(" << alpha1.name() << ") = " << max(alpha1).value()
<< endl;
}
说明:
fvOptions具体含义可参考fvOptions 浅析
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