Bebras国际计算思维挑战赛解析-小学低年级
每一句英文都有翻译,可以只看中文部分,也可以对照着看~Programming Lamps 编程控制的灯泡(Age group: Primary, age 8-10; Difficulty: medium)(年龄组:小低8-10岁,难度:中等)A beaver controls a grid of lamps by using a special keyboard. By one command h
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每一句英文都有翻译,可以只看中文部分,也可以对照着看~
Programming Lamps 编程控制的灯泡
(Age group: Primary, age 8-10; Difficulty: medium)
(年龄组:小低8-10岁,难度:中等)
A beaver controls a grid of lamps by using a special keyboard. By one command he can change states of all lamps in respective column or row: if a lamp is shining – it is turned off, if a lamp is not shining – it is turned on.
小海狸用一块特殊的键盘控制着右边的灯泡。他一次用一个命令只能改变一行或者一列中所有灯光的状态:如果是亮着的,就会关掉;如果是关着的,就会打开。
Now C represents a column and R a row. For example, a command 1C turns on all lamps of the first column. If we repeat the same command (1C), all lamps of the first column will be turned off.
C代表一列,R代表一行。比如,只用一个命令1C,表示把第一列的所有灯泡由关变为开,再重复一次1C就可以把第一列这些灯泡恢复一开始的关状态。
Beaver wrote 4 programs:
小海狸编写了下面四段程序:
A. 1C 5C 2R 3R 4R
B. 1R 5R 2C 3R 4R
C. 1R 5R 3R 4R 5R 1C 5C
D. 1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 1C 5C 1R 5R
Two of the above programs give the result as shown in the picture. Two of the programs presents a different result. Which of them?
其中有两个选项可以得到现在右边显示的结果。请说出是哪两项?
Solution 答案:
(请在公众号对话框中输入“0208”获取)
It's Informatics 考点分析:
The binary number system plays a central role in how information of all kinds is stored on computers. Understanding binary logic can lift a lot of the mystery from computers, because at a fundamental level they’re really just machines for flipping binary digits on and off. Binary representation is very much used in informatics, since all data are stored into bits, and each bit can take either 0 or 1 as value. Construction of lamp is based on binary logic, or Boolean algebra, when two states are used: light is on (shining) - light is off (not shining).
二进制数制系统在计算机信息存储中占有重要地位。理解二进制逻辑,可以在很大程度上消除计算机的神秘感,因为计算机本质上就是一台变换二进制数字的机器。二进制表示在信息学中应用普遍,所有的数据都是按位存储,每一位只能是0或1两个值。这道控制灯泡的题目就是基于二进制逻辑或者叫布尔代数,仅有两种状态:灯泡是开着的状态(亮)或者是关着的状态(灭)。
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